Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2022
A diagnosis of diabetes and health behavior maintenance in middle-aged and older adults in the United States: The role of self-efficacy and social support.
The present study aims to investigate the relationship between a diagnosis of diabetes and the maintenance of health behaviors, and whether self-efficacy and social support moderate the relationship. The study sample came from the 2006 to 2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study in the United States (N = 13,143). A diagnosis of diabetes was ascertained by self-reported physician-diagnosed condition. ⋯ This relationship was moderated by social support from family, which was related to lower hazards of failure to maintain physical activity among individuals who had a diagnosis of diabetes compared to those without a diagnosis. The study suggests that a diagnosis of diabetes may be a stressful health event that negatively affects physical activity maintenance. In addition, the findings highlight the importance of incorporating strategies to mobilize social support from family, which may help individuals sustain their efforts to maintaining health-promoting behaviors after a diabetes diagnosis.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2022
Clustering of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, self-rated health and disability.
The main objective was to identify sociodemographic characteristics of the population at risk for a greater clustering of unhealthy behaviors and to evaluate the association of such clustering with self-rated health status and disability. Data come from the 2017 Spanish National Health Survey with a sample of 21,947 participants of 15 years of age or older. Based on tobacco consumption, risk drinking, unbalanced diet, sedentarism, and body mass index <18.5/≥25 we created two indicators of risk factor clustering: 1) Number of unhealthy behaviors (0-5); and 2) Unhealthy lifestyle index (score: 0-15). ⋯ Compared to those with 0-1 risk factors, the PR for suboptimal health was 1.26 (95% CI:1.18-1.34) for those reporting 2-3 factors, reaching 1.43 (95% CI:1.31-1.55) for 4-5 factors. The PR for severe activity limitation was 1.66 (95% CI:1.35-2.03) for those reporting 2-3 factors and 2.06 (95% CI:1.59-2.67) for 4-5 factors. The prevalence of both health indicators increased in a non-linear fashion as the unhealthy lifestyle index score increased, increasing rapidly up to 5 points, slowing down between 5 and 10 points, and plateauing afterwards.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2022
Movement behaviors and mental health of caregivers of preschoolers in China during the COVID-19 pandemic.
This study aimed to examine the associations between physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), sleep, and the mental health of caregivers of preschool children following the COVID-19 outbreak. From 5 October to 16 December 2020, responses from 2476 respondents in China were collated through an online survey or a written questionnaire. Movement behaviors (PA, SB, screen time, and sleep), mental health (depression, anxiety, and stress), and demographic information were self-reported by the respondents. ⋯ Higher PA was associated with lower levels of depression, while longer sleep and lower SB were associated with better scores of depression, anxiety, and stress. Meeting the Canadian 24-h movement guidelines has been associated with better mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interventions to improve mental health among caregivers should involve enhancing their overall movement behaviors.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2022
The contribution of potentially modifiable risk factors to acute ischemic stroke burden - Comparing young and older adults.
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability. In order to estimate the contribution of five modifiable risk factors to acute ischemic stroke (AIS) incidence in Israel, we conducted a case-control study based on first AIS cases aged 21-90 reported to the Israeli National Stroke Registry during 2014-2015, and controls from a national health survey conducted between 2013 and 2015. We calculated the population attributable risk (PAR) of each risk factor and the combined PAR for all risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, current smoking, obesity and hyperlipidemia), in all study population and by subgroups of young adults (age < 55) and older adults (age ≥ 55). ⋯ The combined PAR was significantly lower among young adults (PAR = 67.9%), compared with older adults (PAR = 80.7%). The combined PAR for all study population was 80.1% (95% CI 74.0-86.2), indicating that five common and modifiable risk factors explain ~80% of AIS incidence in Israel. Primary prevention strategies targeting these risk factors have the potential to drastically reduce stroke related morbidity and mortality.