Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · May 2022
What makes people quit tobacco and succeed at it? An exploratory analysis of smoked and smokeless tobacco from India.
Tobacco cessation is a key component of WHO's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. However, success rates decline significantly from intending to quit tobacco, through attempting and becoming a successful quitter. Among Indian adults, the prevalence of smoking and smokeless tobacco use was 10.7% and 21.4% respectively in 2016. ⋯ Being a former smoker/smokeless tobacco user was positively connected with attempting to quit the current use of the other tobacco form. We recommend strategies to promote smoke-free homes, and incorporating 'tobacco cessation advocacy' into the curriculum of health care workers. Strengthening the tobacco control law and program promulgated in India since 2003 and its implementation would significantly promote tobacco cessation.
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Preventive medicine · May 2022
Associations of occupational and leisure-time physical activity with self-rated health in Korea.
Recent findings have suggested that not all physical activity (PA) types improve health and that the health effects of occupational PA (OPA) and leisure-time PA (LTPA) can be different. However, few studies have been reported the association of OPA and LTPA with self-rated health (SRH). Therefore, we aimed to examine the association between different PA domains and general health and the impact of LTPA on the relationship between health and OPA. ⋯ SB was also associated with poor SRH, independent of LTPA. To improve health, it is important to promote LTPA and reduce OPA and SB. In particular, for workers with a higher level of OPA, additional LTPA should be introduced to prevent SRH from worsening.
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Preventive medicine · May 2022
Self-perception of health and physical activity among adults before and amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: United States, 2019-2020.
The compounded impact of the COVID-19 lockdowns on self-perception of health (SPoH) and physical activity (PA) levels among U. S. adults remains to be explored. We sought to: (1) describe the SPoH and PA levels among U. ⋯ Negative SPoH were associated with lack of moderate exercise, and lack of muscle-strengthening training among U. S. adults before and amidst the pandemic. Pandemic policies and recommendations should include and facilitate PA, specifically among vulnerable populations.
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Preventive medicine · May 2022
Dietary patterns, genetic risk, and incidence of obesity: Application of reduced rank regression in 11,735 adults from the UK Biobank study.
Few studies have derived dietary patterns based on intake of discretionary foods and beverages and examined associations with genetic risk and obesity. We examined associations between dietary patterns based on discretionary foods, saturated fatty acids (SFA), and fiber, with a polygenetic risk score (PRS) for obesity and risk of overall obesity, central obesity and high body fat (BF) up to 9.7 years later. Data from 11,735 adults from the UK Biobank cohort study were used. ⋯ DP3, correlated positively with SFA and fiber, inversely with discretionary foods, was associated with lower risk of central obesity (hazard ratio: 0.92; 95% confidence interval: 0.87, 0.98). There was limited evidence of interactions with PRS. A dietary pattern high in high-SFA and low-fiber discretionary foods and beverages was associated with higher risk of obesity, independent of genetic predisposition.