Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Sep 2022
Secondhand smoke and the risk of incident cardiovascular disease among never-smoking women.
The prospective association between secondhand smoke (SHS) and the risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear. This study was the first to examine the association between SHS and risks of ischemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, and total CVD in a large cohort in Asia. The study followed 24,232 never-smoking women aged 40-59 from around Japan (Akita, Iwate, Nagano, Niigata, Ibaraki, Kochi, Nagasaki, and Okinawa prefectures). ⋯ The proportional hazard assumption was not assured during the total follow-up from 1990 to 2012, but so was then the follow-up of < and ≥ 10 person-years were examined separately. The multivariable HRs (95% confidence intervals) associated with husbands' current versus non-current smoking was 2.02 (1.19-3.45) for IHD, 1.18 (0.98-1.42) for stroke, and 1.25 (1.05-1.49) for total CVD in the follow-up of ≥10 person-years. The SHS from husbands may raise the risk of IHD among middle-aged never-smoking women.
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Preventive medicine · Sep 2022
ReviewWearable technology for early detection of COVID-19: A systematic scoping review.
Wearable technology is an emerging method for the early detection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. This scoping review explored the types, mechanisms, and accuracy of wearable technology for the early detection of COVID-19. This review was conducted according to the five-step framework of Arksey and O'Malley. ⋯ Based on deviations in physiological characteristics, anomaly detection models that can detect COVID-19 infection early were built using artificial intelligence or statistical analysis techniques. Reported area-under-the-curve values ranged from 75% to 94.4%, and sensitivity and specificity values ranged from 36.5% to 100% and 73% to 95.3%, respectively. Further research is necessary to validate the effectiveness and clinical dependability of wearable technology before healthcare policymakers can mandate its use for remote surveillance.
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Preventive medicine · Sep 2022
Prevalence of a loaded firearm in the home among birth parents experiencing symptoms of postpartum depression.
Firearm access increases the risk of suicide among all household members. The prevalence of loaded firearms in the home among those experiencing symptoms of postpartum depression (PPD) is unknown. We conducted a cross-sectional study using Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) data from 2012 to 2019. ⋯ Among participants who reported attending a postpartum checkup, 78.6% (95% CI: 67.0%, 90.2%) of those with a loaded firearm in their home reported having been asked by a provider if they were feeling depressed, compared to 88.7% (95% CI: 85.3%, 92.0%) of those without. About 1 in 11 birth parents experiencing symptoms of PPD report a loaded firearm in their home. Further screening for firearm access in this population may need to be considered.
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Preventive medicine · Sep 2022
Electronic cigarette use and risk of COVID-19 among young adults without a history of cigarette smoking.
It is unknown whether use of e-cigarettes increases susceptibility to COVID-19. In a large clinical sample of young adults, we evaluated whether current or ever e-cigarette use was associated with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed COVID-19. To address the confounding of combustible smoking, the sample was restricted to never smokers. ⋯ We did not find evidence that current (vs never) e-cigarette use was associated with risk of COVID-19 (aHR = 1.12 95%CI:0.77-1.62). However, we did find suggestive evidence that former (versus never) e-cigarette use may be associated with greater risk of COVID-19 (aHR = 1.39 95%CI:0.98-1.96). While e-cigarette use is associated with health risks for young adults, results from this study suggest that current use of e-cigarettes may not increase susceptibility for COVID-19 among young adults who have never smoked cigarettes.
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Preventive medicine · Sep 2022
Assessing the impact of multicomponent interventions on colorectal cancer screening through simulation: What would it take to reach national screening targets in North Carolina?
Healthy People 2020 and the National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable established colorectal cancer (CRC) screening targets of 70.5% and 80%, respectively. While evidence-based interventions (EBIs) have increased CRC screening, the ability to achieve these targets at the population level remains uncertain. We simulated the impact of multicomponent interventions in North Carolina over 5 years to assess the potential for meeting national screening targets. ⋯ MailedFIT+ achieved the 70.5% target with 74% reach after 1 year and 5 years. In the Medicaid population, assuming Medicaid expansion, MailedFIT + forMd reached the 70.5% target after 5 years with 97% reach. This study clarifies the potential for states to reach national CRC screening targets using multicomponent EBIs, but decision-makers also should consider tradeoffs in cost, reach, and ability to reduce disparities when selecting interventions.