Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2023
Acral lentiginous melanoma incidence by sex, race, ethnicity, and stage in the United States, 2010-2019.
Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is a rare type of melanoma associated with delayed diagnosis and poor survival rates. This study examines ALM incidence rates in comparison to all other melanoma types. ⋯ These findings suggest that awareness of the potential for ALM in patients of all races and ethnicities could be balanced with an understanding of the rarity of the disease and the potential for the development of other melanoma types in racial and ethnic minority groups.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2023
The role of language in mammography orders among low-income Latinas over a 10-year period.
Latinas in the United States have higher mortality from breast cancer, but longitudinal studies of mammography ordering (a crucial initial step towards screening) in primary care are lacking. ⋯ These findings suggest that breast cancer detection barriers in low-income Latinas may not stem from a lack of orders in primary care, but in the subsequent accessibility of receiving ordered services.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2023
Racial, ethnic and gender trends in lung cancer mortality rates in the United States-Mexico border and non-border areas.
Geographic patterns of lung cancer mortality rate differ in the region bordering Mexico in contrast to the US. This study compares lung cancer mortality between border and non-border counties by race/ethnicity and gender. ⋯ Differences in lung cancer mortality between border counties and non-border counties reflect lower mortality in Hispanics overall and a decline for non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black living in border counties experiencing lower lung cancer mortality rates than non-border counties. Further studies are needed to identify specific causes for lower mortality rates in border counties.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2023
Socio-economic distribution of modifiable risk factors for cardio-vascular diseases: An analysis of the national longitudinal ageing study in India.
The association of socioeconomic status (SES) with modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is unclear in developing nations. We studied SES variations in major risk factors and their percentage distribution for adults aged 45 years or above in India. Using individual records of 59,672 individuals aged 45 years or above from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India Wave 1 (cross-sectional study design), 2017-18, we chart age-and-sex-adjusted prevalence of clinical risk factors such as measured high blood pressure, hypertension, overweight, obesity, central adiposity and self-reported high blood glucose; and lifestyle risk factors such as excessive use of alcohol, current use of smoking and smokeless tobacco and physical inactivity across SES variables of education, quintiles of mean per capita expenditure and social caste. ⋯ However, no significant income gradient was noted for lifestyle risk factors except the use of smokeless tobacco. The income gradient was largest for central adiposity (waist-circumference) with a difference of 23.4 percentage points as it increased from 38.7% among the poorest to 62.1% among the richest. The major burden of CVDs risk factors among older adults aged 45+ years falls among high SES.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2023
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and mental health by gender identity in the United States, 2019-2021.
To estimate the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and their association with mental health outcomes in adulthood by gender identity. ⋯ Using population-level data, we identified higher prevalence of ACEs among gender minority adults than cisgender adults, and greater associations of ACEs and adverse mental health in adulthood. The prevalence of current and lifetime adverse mental health outcomes increased with higher levels of ACE exposure among cisgender and gender minority respondents. Action by stakeholders at the community, health system, and legislative levels are needed to improve gender minority population health.