Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2023
Association between long working hours and cigarette smoking, leisure-time physical activity, and risky alcohol use: Findings from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014-2021).
Long working hours cause adverse health outcomes; however, the precise mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unknown. We examined the association between long working hours and health behaviors, as well as gender differences in this association. ⋯ Our findings emphasize the need for policy interventions aimed at reducing excessive working hours and fostering healthy lifestyle behaviors among individuals engaged in long working hours.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2023
Association between maternal prenatal cannabis use and missed child preventive care visits in an integrated health care delivery system in Northern California.
The periodicity of well-child visits recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics emphasizes the importance of continuity of care in health management. Exposure to cannabis in utero has been associated with adverse development, and adherence to well-child visits is critical for earlier detection and intervention. To assess whether maternal prenatal cannabis use was associated with missed well-child visits in the first three years after birth we conducted a longitudinal cohort study in Kaiser Permanente Northern California of pregnant individuals and their children born between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2018. ⋯ Compared to no use, maternal prenatal cannabis use was associated with more missed well-child visits at every time period; (missed 12-month visit: adjusted relative risk (aRR): 1.43, 95%CI: 1.32-1.54; missed 3-year visit: aRR: 1.15, 95%CI: 1.11-1.20). Maternal prenatal cannabis use was also associated with missing two or more well-child visits through 36 months of age (35.8% among cannabis users vs. 23.0% among non-users, Χ2p < .001). Educating pregnant individuals who use cannabis on the importance of well-child visits may benefit children's health and development.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2023
Temporal trends and geographic variations in mortality rates from tobacco and firearms in the United States.
We explored temporal trends and geographic variations in United States of America (US) mortality rates from smoking and firearms from 1999 to 2019. To do so, we used the publicly available Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Wide Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) with Multiple Cause of Death files from 1999 to 2019. Using age-specific rates and ArcGIS Pro Advanced software for Optimized Hot Spot Analyses from Esri, we generated maps of statistically significant spatial clusters with 90-99% confidence intervals with the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic for mortality from smoking-related causes and firearms. ⋯ The trends suggest smoking and firearm-related causes pose particular challenges to the Southeast and firearms also to the West and Alaska. These data may aid clinicians and public health authorities to implement evidence-based smoking avoidance and cessation programs as well as address firearm mortality, with particular attention to the areas of highest risks. As has been the case with cigarettes, individual behavior changes as well as societal changes are likely to be needed to achieve decreases in premature mortality.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2023
Walking more, not faster, is associated with bone health in China of community-dwelling older women:A cross-sectional study.
To examine the association between daily steps and step intensity with bone health in Chinese community-dwelling older women. ⋯ Increasing the number of daily steps or the duration of walking, whether fast or slow, may benefit the bone health of older women.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2023
Latent class analysis identifies a promising combination of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education interventions for improving student cardiorespiratory fitness.
To inform Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education (SNAP-Ed) and other school-based interventions aiming to improve youth cardiorespiratory fitness, this study aimed to identify which SNAP-Ed school-based physical activity intervention combinations were associated with better student cardiorespiratory fitness. ⋯ Our results suggest that comprehensive school-based physical activity interventions that include policy changes along with improving physical activity opportunities may be the most effective approach for improving fitness and may warrant prioritization in SNAP-Ed efforts.