Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2023
Temporal trends and geographic variations in mortality rates from tobacco and firearms in the United States.
We explored temporal trends and geographic variations in United States of America (US) mortality rates from smoking and firearms from 1999 to 2019. To do so, we used the publicly available Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Wide Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) with Multiple Cause of Death files from 1999 to 2019. Using age-specific rates and ArcGIS Pro Advanced software for Optimized Hot Spot Analyses from Esri, we generated maps of statistically significant spatial clusters with 90-99% confidence intervals with the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic for mortality from smoking-related causes and firearms. ⋯ The trends suggest smoking and firearm-related causes pose particular challenges to the Southeast and firearms also to the West and Alaska. These data may aid clinicians and public health authorities to implement evidence-based smoking avoidance and cessation programs as well as address firearm mortality, with particular attention to the areas of highest risks. As has been the case with cigarettes, individual behavior changes as well as societal changes are likely to be needed to achieve decreases in premature mortality.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2023
Walking more, not faster, is associated with bone health in China of community-dwelling older women:A cross-sectional study.
To examine the association between daily steps and step intensity with bone health in Chinese community-dwelling older women. ⋯ Increasing the number of daily steps or the duration of walking, whether fast or slow, may benefit the bone health of older women.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2023
Latent class analysis identifies a promising combination of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education interventions for improving student cardiorespiratory fitness.
To inform Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education (SNAP-Ed) and other school-based interventions aiming to improve youth cardiorespiratory fitness, this study aimed to identify which SNAP-Ed school-based physical activity intervention combinations were associated with better student cardiorespiratory fitness. ⋯ Our results suggest that comprehensive school-based physical activity interventions that include policy changes along with improving physical activity opportunities may be the most effective approach for improving fitness and may warrant prioritization in SNAP-Ed efforts.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2023
Health behaviours associated with healthy body composition among aboriginal adolescents in Australia in the 'Next Generation: Youth Well-being study'.
This study described the distribution of healthy body composition among Aboriginal adolescents in Australia aged 10-24 years and examined associations with health behaviours and self-rated health. Data were cross-sectional from the 'Next Generation: Youth Well-being study' baseline (N = 1294). We used robust Poisson regression to quantify associations of self-reported health behaviours (physical activity, screen time, sleep, consumption of vegetables, fruit, soft drinks and fast food, and tobacco smoking and alcohol) and self-rated health to healthy body mass index (BMI) and waist/height ratio (WHtR). ⋯ There was a trend for higher proportion of healthy body composition with more frequent fast food consumption. Healthy body composition was also associated with higher self-rated health ('very good/excellent' vs 'poor/fair'; aPR healthy BMI 1.87 [1.45-2.42], and healthy WHtR 1.71 [1.40-2.10]). Culturally appropriate community health interventions with a focus on physical activity and sleep may hold promise for improving body composition among Aboriginal adolescents.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2023
A multivariable model of barriers to COVID-19 vaccination: Using cross sectional data from a nationally distributed survey in the United States.
Discrimination has had longstanding effects on mental and physiological health, which became more evident and synergized during the COVID-19 pandemic. The role of discrimination on vaccination for COVID-19 during the pandemic, however, is not well understood. As such, we examined the relationship of everyday discrimination on COVID-19 vaccination. ⋯ Discrimination overall remained a significant barrier to vaccination, while nativity was not significant when accounting for socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors. Discrimination must become a public health priority in addressing disparities in health and access and barriers that may affect preventive behaviors.