Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2023
Meta AnalysisEconomic burden of low cardiorespiratory fitness in Canada.
The objective of this study was to estimate health care and health-related productivity costs associated with low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in Canadian adults. We also estimated costs that would be avoided by a 10 percentage point prevalence reduction in low CRF. A prevalence-based approach was used to estimate the economic costs associated with low CRF. ⋯ An absolute 10% reduction in the prevalence of low CRF (from 45.5% to 35.5%) would save an estimated CAD$644 million per year in costs. In conclusion, low CRF is an important contributor to the economic burden of illness in Canada. Evidence-based and cost-effective strategies that aim to increase CRF at the population level may help alleviate health care costs and improve health.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2023
Randomized Controlled TrialEffect of lifestyle interventions on carotid arterial structure - The DR's EXTRA study.
No lifestyle-based interventions with medium-term duration on carotid atherosclerotic have been performed so far. We aimed to investigate whether guideline-based dietary and physical activity interventions slow the progression of atherosclerotic changes in the general elderly population. 1410 Finnish men and women from a representative population sample were randomly assigned to one of six groups in the four-year intervention study: 1) reference, 2) aerobic training, 3) resistance training, 4) Nordic Diet, 5) aerobic training + Nordic Diet, 6) resistance training + Nordic Diet. The primary outcome was mean common carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT). ⋯ Among guideline-based lifestyle interventions, only diet leads to a significantly smaller progression of cIMT in older men of a representative population sample. No other lifestyle intervention contributed to a slowing of the progression of structural carotid markers. It must be questioned whether the guideline-based recommendations for a lifestyle change that were in place until recently are adequate to decelerate the atherosclerotic process.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2023
Associations between precarious employment and smoking and regular exercise: Results from a Korean longitudinal panel study from 2005 to 2020.
We examined whether precarious employment (PE) is related to cigarette smoking and physical inactivity and whether a longer duration of PE intensifies the detrimental impact. Using Korean longitudinal panel data, 89,289 observations of 15,712 employees were analyzed. Mixed models were applied to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). ⋯ Over 6 years of PE was associated with the highest risk of smoking initiation (2.02 [1.28-3.19]) and the lowest likelihood of exercise initiation (0.42 [0.32-0.55]) in men. However, a longer duration of PE was not associated with a change in health behaviors in women. Our findings highlight that PE have a detrimental impact on health behaviors.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2023
Sex differences in Cannabis use disorder and associated psychosocial problems among US adults, 2012-2013.
While men show greater prevalence of cannabis use disorder (CUD) than women, whether cannabis use frequency drives this difference is unknown, and little is known about sex differences in problems associated with CUD. We therefore assessed the association of CUD with sex, adjusted for frequency of use, and compared the association of psychosocial and health-related problems with CUD between men and women. We included US adults age ≥ 18 who reported past-year cannabis use in the 2012-2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (n = 3701). ⋯ Women showed significantly greater association of CUD with interpersonal problems with a boss or co-workers (p < 0.05) and a neighbor, relative or friend (p < 0.05) compared to men. Lack of sex differences in CUD after adjusting for frequency of use suggests use frequency may be an important target of CUD prevention efforts. CUD showed stronger associations for interpersonal problems among women than men, suggesting the need for particular emphasis on treating interpersonal problems related to cannabis use among women.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2023
Maternal lifestyle and nutrient intakes during pregnancy and exclusive breastfeeding in relation to risk factors for breast cancer: The Japan Environment and Children's Study.
Breastfeeding has many benefits for infant growth and maternal health, such as reducing breast cancer risk. However, data on maternal factors influencing breastfeeding are insufficient. To clarify the associations between maternal lifestyle and diet during pregnancy and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), we conducted a prospective study of pregnant women within the framework of the Japan Environment and Children's Study (a nationwide birth cohort study). ⋯ Dietary fiber intake was also associated with the continuation of EBF (p trend = 0.048). These findings indicate that maternal lifestyles during pregnancy affect lactation performance. Lifestyle adjustments during pregnancy may have favorable effects on maternal and children's health through successful breastfeeding.