Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2023
Sex differences in Cannabis use disorder and associated psychosocial problems among US adults, 2012-2013.
While men show greater prevalence of cannabis use disorder (CUD) than women, whether cannabis use frequency drives this difference is unknown, and little is known about sex differences in problems associated with CUD. We therefore assessed the association of CUD with sex, adjusted for frequency of use, and compared the association of psychosocial and health-related problems with CUD between men and women. We included US adults age ≥ 18 who reported past-year cannabis use in the 2012-2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (n = 3701). ⋯ Women showed significantly greater association of CUD with interpersonal problems with a boss or co-workers (p < 0.05) and a neighbor, relative or friend (p < 0.05) compared to men. Lack of sex differences in CUD after adjusting for frequency of use suggests use frequency may be an important target of CUD prevention efforts. CUD showed stronger associations for interpersonal problems among women than men, suggesting the need for particular emphasis on treating interpersonal problems related to cannabis use among women.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2023
Long-term projections of cancer incidence and mortality in Canada: The OncoSim All Cancers Model.
Using the OncoSim All Cancers Model, we estimated the annual cancer incidence, mortality and cancer management costs in Canada from 2020 to 2040. Incidence for each cancer type was estimated from logistic regression analyses of the Canadian Cancer Registry (1992-2017), with province/territory, sex, five-year age groups and year as covariates. Deaths were estimated by sex and tumour site for cancers diagnosed between 2000 and 2017 (deaths to the end of 2017). ⋯ Overall cancer management costs are projected to increase from $20.6B in 2020 to $31.4B in 2040. Due mainly to an aging population and population growth in Canada, we estimate that cancer incidence, mortality and cancer management costs will increase considerably between 2020 and 2040. These results highlight the importance of planning for increasing investment and capacity in cancer control.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2023
Associations between precarious employment and smoking and regular exercise: Results from a Korean longitudinal panel study from 2005 to 2020.
We examined whether precarious employment (PE) is related to cigarette smoking and physical inactivity and whether a longer duration of PE intensifies the detrimental impact. Using Korean longitudinal panel data, 89,289 observations of 15,712 employees were analyzed. Mixed models were applied to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). ⋯ Over 6 years of PE was associated with the highest risk of smoking initiation (2.02 [1.28-3.19]) and the lowest likelihood of exercise initiation (0.42 [0.32-0.55]) in men. However, a longer duration of PE was not associated with a change in health behaviors in women. Our findings highlight that PE have a detrimental impact on health behaviors.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2023
Childhood food insecurity, mental distress in young adulthood and the supplemental nutrition assistance program.
Food insecurity affects 14% of US homes with children and has been associated with increased mental health problems. Few studies have examined long-term consequences for mental health and the role of social policies. This study examined the association between childhood household food insecurity (HHFI) and young adult psychological distress, and the moderating role of caregiver psychological distress and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (1995-2015). ⋯ Access to SNAP attenuated this risk. Early HHFI is associated with psychological distress in young adulthood. Interventions to increase access to SNAP and address caregivers mental health may prevent mental health problems associated with childhood HHFI.