Preventive medicine
-
Preventive medicine · Apr 2023
Effects of community-based frailty-preventing intervention on all-cause and cause-specific functional disability in older adults living in rural Japan: A propensity score analysis.
Preventing frailty is crucial in aging societies. We examined the effectiveness of a community-based frailty-prevention program for delaying the onset of functional disability among community-dwelling older adults. From 2014 to 2019, 48 community-based frailty prevention classes (FPC, 60 min/session, once a week), comprising resistance exercise and nutritional or psychosocial programs, were established in Yabu City, Japan. ⋯ In age-stratified analysis, significant associations were observed only in the ≥75-year-old subgroup. In a cause-specific analysis, participation significantly and consistently reduced incident functional disability caused by dementia (IPTW 0.47, 0.25-0.86; PSM 0.45, 0.25-0.83). Community-based FPC may be effective for preventing functional disability, especially caused by dementia, in this population.
-
Preventive medicine · Apr 2023
Comment LetterRe: Impact of the "e-cigarette era" on cigarette smoking among youth: A population-level study.
Our original paper is: Harrell MB, Mantey DS, Baojiang C, Kelder SH, Barrington-Trimis J. Impact of the e-cigarette era on cigarette smoking among youth in the United States A population-level study. Preventive Medicine 2022; 164:107265). This is a response to correspondence received from Foxon and Juul Labs Inc. (JUUL) regarding our original paper.
-
Preventive medicine · Apr 2023
Mechanisms accounting for gendered differences in mental health status among young Canadians: A novel quantitative analysis.
Adolescent girls consistently report worse mental health than boys. This study used reports from a 2018 national health promotion survey (n = 11,373) to quantitatively explore why such gender-based differences exist among young Canadians. Using mediation analyses and contemporary social theory, we explored mechanisms that may explain differences in mental health between adolescents who identify as boys versus girls. ⋯ Study findings point to deeper, root causes of gender-based mental health inequalities that emerge during childhood. Interventions designed to reduce girls' addictive social media use or increase their perceived family support, to be more in line with their male peers, could help to reduce differences in mental health between boys and girls. Contemporary focus on social media use and social supports among girls, especially those with low affluence, warrant study as the basis for public health and clinical interventions.
-
Preventive medicine · Apr 2023
The associations between place-based measures of walkability and physical activity across a range of diverse streetscapes.
Walkability relates to aspects of a physical environment that have the potential to influence walking in that environment. In 2019, the Environmental Protection Agency developed the National Walkability Index (NWI), an easily accessible, U. S. ⋯ Linear regression indicated Walk Score, employment/household occupancy mix, and employment mix were associated with walkers/h (p < .001) while only employment/household occupancy mix, and employment mix were associated with leisure PA/h (p < .001). The NWI did not account for a significant portion of the variance in PA outcomes. A place-based examination of PA and walkability indexes favors the use of Walk Score and a modified version of the NWI.
-
Preventive medicine · Apr 2023
Employment Insurance may mitigate impact of unemployment on food security: Analysis on a propensity-score matched sample from the Canadian Income Survey.
Food insecurity, the inadequate access to food due to financial constraints, affects one-sixth of Canadian households, with substantial health implications. We examine the impact of unemployment and the mitigating effect of Employment Insurance (EI) on household food insecurity in Canada. Using the Canadian Income Survey 2018-2019, we sampled 28,650 households with adult workers 18-64 years old. ⋯ EI receipt was associated with 23% (aOR 0.77, 95% CI 0.66-0.90; 4.02 percentage points) lower likelihood of food insecurity, but this association was only significant among households with lower income, full-time workers, and children under 18. The findings suggest a broad impact of unemployment on working adults' food insecurity and a substantial mitigating effect by EI on select unemployed workers. Making EI more generous and accessible for part-time workers may help alleviate food insecurity.