Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2024
A framework to conceptualize social prescribing services from a prevention perspective.
Social prescribing models are expanding worldwide to serve multiple goals, such as attending to social conditions that affect people's health, supporting patients with mental health issues or other long-term conditions, facilitating community building and reducing demands on the health care system. Implicitly, many social prescribing services seek to promote health, prevent morbidity or deterioration of disease. Given that the scientific literature currently does not systematically describe these services as preventive service models, we propose a framework to explicitly conceptualize social prescribing from a prevention perspective. ⋯ The framework advances the field by guiding the conceptualization, development and evaluation of social prescribing services. It contributes to widening possible settings for social prescribing and considers potential adverse consequences. Thereby the framework opens up new avenues for social prescribing as preventive service model.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2024
Disparities in trends of smoke-free home associated with socioeconomic disadvantages in the United States from 2001 to 2019.
To examine disparities in trends of smoke-free home (SFH) rule prevalence in the United States from 2001 to 2019 by individuals' number of socioeconomic disadvantages. ⋯ Despite a large increase in the SFH prevalence, disparities remain. Our findings underscore the need for continued efforts to promote SFH, particularly among socioeconomically disadvantaged smokers.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2024
ReviewAn atlas on risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers: A systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies.
Gastrointestinal cancers are one of the most frequent cancer types and seriously threaten human life and health. Recent studies attribute the occurrence of gastrointestinal cancers to both genetic and environmental factors, yet the intrinsic etiology remains unclear. Mendelian randomization is a powerful well-established statistical method that is based on genome-wide association study (GWAS) to evaluate the causal relationship between exposures and outcomes. In the present study, we aimed to conduct a systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies investigating any causal risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers. ⋯ Larger, well-designed Mendelian randomization studies are practical in determining the causal status of risk factors for diseases.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2024
ReviewInterventions to promote colorectal cancer screening among people with a family history of colorectal cancer: A scoping review.
The global incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is rising, with people having a family history of CRC (PFH-CRC) facing double the risk compared to the average-risk population. Despite this, CRC screening uptake among PFH-CRC remains low. There is a lack of systematic mapping of interventions promoting CRC screening in this high-risk population. ⋯ Interventions for promoting CRC screening uptake in PFH-CRC commonly incorporate print material, patient navigation and counselling, often combined into complex interventions. Future research should include more implementation studies to translate these interventions into real-world settings. Additionally, there are gaps in research from low- and middle-income countries, highlighting the need for further research in these resource-limited settings.