Journal of clinical immunology
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Different sets of warning signs can be used if primary immunodeficiency (PID) is suspected: those of the Jeffrey Modell Foundation (JMF), the German Patients' Organisation for Primary Immunodeficiencies (DSAI) and the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (AWMF). A few studies have tested the JMF criteria, with unconvincing results, but the diagnostic models of the DSAI and AWMF have not been tested at all. We set out to establish the utility of these three scoring systems and compare them with our own set of five warning signs (Duesseldorf criteria). ⋯ In contrast to the new, evaluated Duesseldorf criteria, all three established sets of warning signs proved inadequate for preselection of patients for admission to specialized PID centers. The Duesseldorf criteria should now being tested in further studies.