European journal of radiology
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Intracapsular femoral neck fractures remain unsolved fractures even after improvement in techniques of diagnosis and internal fixation. Individuals who sustain displaced femoral neck fractures are at high risk of developing avascular necrosis and non-union. Although several methods for predicting the viability of femoral head have been reported, they are not effective or widely used because of unreliability, potential complications and technical difficulties. ⋯ The fractures with Type C dynamic curve should be considered as fractures with poor vascularity of femoral head and measures to enhance the vascularity of femoral head along with rigid internal fixation should be undertaken to promote revascularization process and better healing of fractures. Patients with these fractures should be on longer non-weight bearing ambulation than other patients. To conclude, the dynamic MRI seems to be reliable, non-invasive, sensitive, specific and accurate method of assessing the femoral head vascularity after intracapsular femoral neck fractures as early as 48 h of injury and to predict the outcome of fractures and may be used as a guideline for management of intracapsular femoral neck fractures.
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(18)F-FDG-positron emission tomography-computerized tomography ((18)F-FDG-PET/CT) scan is an important imaging tool which may provide both functional and anatomical information in a single diagnostic test. It has the potential to be a valuable tool in the noninvasive evaluation and monitoring of pediatric tumors including the metastases because (18)fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) is a glucose analogue that concentrates in areas of active metabolic activity. This review provides an update on functional and metabolic imaging approaches for assessment and management of the body tumor and metastases in pediatrics using a combined whole body (18)F-FDG-PET/CT scanners. ⋯ It is worth to concern the preparation of children undergoing PET studies and radiation dosimetry and its implications for family and caregivers. It is important to consider the normal distribution of (18)FDG in children, common variations of the normal distribution. We show some of our cases that most tumors in children accumulate and retain FDG, allowing high-quality images of their distribution and pathophysiology either at the primary site as well as in the areas of metastatic disease.