Kidney international
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Kidney international · Sep 2015
Association of oliguria with the development of acute kidney injury in the critically ill.
Urine output (UO) criterion may increase the sensitivity of the definition of acute kidney injury (AKI). We determined whether the empirically derived definition for oliguria (<0.5 ml/kg/h) is independently associated with adverse outcome. Data analysis included hourly recorded UO from the prospective, multicenter FINNAKI study conducted in 16 Finnish intensive care units. ⋯ The shortest periods of consecutive oliguria independently associated with an increased risk for 90-day mortality were 6-12 h of oliguria from 0.3 to <0.5 ml/kg/h, over 6 h of oliguria from 0.1 to <0.3 ml/kg/h, and severe oliguria lasting over 3 h. Thus, our findings underlie the importance of hourly UO measurements. Kidney International advance online publication, 9 September 2015; doi:10.1038/ki.2015.269.
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Kidney international · Sep 2015
Multicenter StudyPerioperative heart-type fatty acid binding protein is associated with acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after cardiac surgery and is associated with worse outcomes. Since heart fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) is a myocardial protein that detects cardiac injury, we sought to determine whether plasma H-FABP was associated with AKI in the TRIBE-AKI cohort; a multi-center cohort of 1219 patients at high risk for AKI who underwent cardiac surgery. The primary outcomes of interest were any AKI (Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) stage 1 or higher) and severe AKI (AKIN stage 2 or higher). ⋯ In analyses adjusted for known AKI risk factors, first postoperative log(H-FABP) was associated with severe AKI (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 5.39 (95% confidence interval (CI), 2.87-10.11) per unit increase), while preoperative log(H-FABP) was associated with any AKI (2.07 (1.48-2.89)) and mortality (1.67 (1.17-2.37)). These relationships persisted after adjustment for change in serum creatinine (for first postoperative log(H-FABP)) and biomarkers of cardiac and kidney injury, including brain natriuretic peptide, cardiac troponin-I, interleukin-18, liver fatty acid binding protein, kidney injury molecule-1, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. Thus, perioperative plasma H-FABP levels may be used for risk stratification of AKI and mortality following cardiac surgery.
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Kidney international · Sep 2015
The mortality and hospitalization rates associated with the long interdialytic gap in thrice-weekly hemodialysis patients.
Excess mortality and hospitalization have been identified after the 2-day gap in thrice-weekly hemodialysis patients compared with 1-day intervals, although findings vary internationally. Here we aimed to identify factors associated with mortality and hospitalization events in England using an incident cohort of 5864 hemodialysis patients from years 2002 to 2006 inclusive in the UK Renal Registry linked to hospitalization data. Higher admission rates were seen after the 2-day gap irrespective of whether thrice-weekly dialysis sequence commenced on a Monday or Tuesday (2.4 per year after the 2-day gap vs. 1.4 for the rest of the week, rate ratio 1.7). ⋯ Non-white patients had an overall survival advantage, with the increased mortality after the 2-day gap being found only in whites. Thus, fluid overload may increase the risk of hospital admission after the 2-day gap and that the increased out-of-hospital mortality may relate to a higher incidence of sudden death. Future work should focus on exploring interventions in these subgroups.
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Kidney international · Sep 2015
Use of an ECG-based confirmatory technique for bedside placement of reverse-tunneled cuffed dialysis catheters in three morbidly obese patients.
We are currently in the midst of a worldwide obesity epidemic, including in patients with end-stage kidney disease. Placing hemodialysis catheters is a particular challenge in patients with extreme obesity. Here we describe the merging of two technologies to place catheters in patients who are too heavy (over 225 kg) to be placed safely on a procedure table for fluoroscopic guidance. ⋯ The catheters were placed in the patient's bed in a procedure room with subsequent confirmatory chest radiographs. Catheter performance based on blood flow rates was excellent and there were no complications. We suggest placement of ECG-guided tunneled hemodialysis catheters using a reversed-tunneling technique in those patients with extreme obesity who are too heavy to place on a fluoroscopy procedure table.
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Kidney international · Sep 2015
Migration of smooth muscle cells from the arterial anastomosis of arteriovenous fistulas requires Notch activation to form neointima.
A major factor contributing to failure of arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) is migration of smooth muscle cells into the forming neointima. To identify the source of smooth muscle cells in neointima, we created end-to-end AVFs by anastomosing the common carotid artery to the jugular vein and studied neural crest-derived smooth muscle cells from the carotid artery, which are Wnt1-positive during development. In Wnt1-cre-GFP mice, smooth muscle cells in the carotid artery but not the jugular vein are labeled with GFP. ⋯ Conditional knockout of RBP-Jκ in smooth muscle cells or general knockout of FSP-1 suppressed neointima formation in AVFs in mice. Thus, the artery of AVFs is the major source of smooth muscle cells during neointima formation. Knockout of RBP-Jκ or FSP-1 ameliorates neointima formation and might improve AVF patency during long-term follow-up.