Kidney international
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Kidney international · Aug 2000
Comparative StudyTempol, a membrane-permeable radical scavenger, reduces oxidant stress-mediated renal dysfunction and injury in the rat.
The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributes to the pathogenesis of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of tempol in (1) an in vivo rat model of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury and on (2) cellular injury and death of rat renal proximal tubular (PT) cells exposed to oxidant stress in the form of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). ⋯ Our results suggest that the membrane-permeable radical scavenger, tempol, reduces the renal dysfunction and injury associated with ischemia/reperfusion of the kidney.
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Kidney international · Jul 2000
Comparative Study Clinical TrialPredicting patient outcome from acute renal failure comparing three general severity of illness scoring systems.
A major problem of studies on acute renal failure (ARF) arises from a lack of prognostic tools able to express the medical complexity of the syndrome adequately and to predict patient outcome accurately. Our study was thus aimed at evaluating the predictive ability of three general prognostic models [version II of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II), version II of the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II), and version II of the Mortality Probability Model at 24 hours (MPM24 II)] in a prospective, single-center cohort of patients with ARF in an intermediate nephrology care unit. ⋯ The APACHE II model was a slightly better calibrated predictor of group outcome in ARF patients, as compared with the SAPS II and MPM24 II outcome prediction models. The MPM24 II model showed the best discrimination capacity, in comparison with both APACHE II and SAPS II models, but it constantly and significantly overestimated mean predicted mortality in ARF patients. None of the models provided sufficient confidence for the prediction of outcome in individual patients. A high degree of caution must be exerted in the application of existing general prognostic models for outcome prediction in ARF patients.
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Kidney international · Jul 2000
Advanced glycation and lipidoxidation of the peritoneal membrane: respective roles of serum and peritoneal fluid reactive carbonyl compounds.
Advanced glycation of proteins has been incriminated in the progressive alteration of the peritoneal membrane during chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD). Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) result from a modification of proteins by reactive carbonyl compounds (RCOs). RCOs resulting from glucose breakdown are present in commercial PD fluid. They also accumulate in uremic plasma. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the respective contribution of these two sources of RCOs in the genesis of peritoneal AGEs. ⋯ Protein modification of the peritoneum is determined not only by RCOs originating in PD fluid, but also by RCOs originating from the uremic circulation. The present data might be relevant to current attempts to improve PD fluid toxicity by lowering its glucose content.
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Kidney international · Jul 2000
Effects of ACE inhibition and bradykinin antagonism on cardiovascular changes in uremic rats.
Cardiovascular death continues to be a major problem in renal failure. Structural abnormalities of the heart and the vasculature contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk. They are ameliorated by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, but because of the nonspecifity of ACE inhibition, it is uncertain whether the beneficial effect is mediated by interfering with angiotensin II (Ang II) or by modulating other effector systems, for example, bradykinin. ⋯ These findings illustrate that bradykinin plays an important role for the beneficial effect of Ramipril in preventing (and potentially reversing) abnormal cardiovascular structure in uremic hypertensive rats.