American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation
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Randomized Controlled Trial Observational Study
Long-term Effects of Frequent Nocturnal Hemodialysis on Mortality: The Frequent Hemodialysis Network (FHN) Nocturnal Trial.
Few data are available regarding the long-term mortality rate for patients receiving nocturnal home hemodialysis. ⋯ Patients randomly assigned to nocturnal hemodialysis had a higher mortality rate than those randomly assigned to conventional dialysis. The implications of this result require further investigation.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The Phosphate Binder Ferric Citrate and Mineral Metabolism and Inflammatory Markers in Maintenance Dialysis Patients: Results From Prespecified Analyses of a Randomized Clinical Trial.
Phosphate binders are the cornerstone of hyperphosphatemia management in dialysis patients. Ferric citrate is an iron-based oral phosphate binder that effectively lowers serum phosphorus levels. ⋯ Ferric citrate was associated with similar phosphorus control compared to active control, with similar effects on markers of bone and mineral metabolism in dialysis patients. There was no evidence of protein-energy wasting/inflammation or aluminum toxicity, and fewer participants randomly assigned to ferric citrate had serious adverse events. Ferric citrate is an effective phosphate binder with a safety profile comparable to sevelamer and calcium acetate.
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Low serum bicarbonate level has been reported to be an independent predictor of kidney function decline and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. Mechanisms underlying low serum bicarbonate levels may differ in patients with and without diabetes. We aimed to specifically investigate the association of serum bicarbonate level with kidney disease progression and cardiovascular outcome in a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. ⋯ In this cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes with nephropathy, serum bicarbonate level associations with kidney disease end points were not retained after adjustment for estimated glomerular filtration rate, which is in contrast to results of earlier studies in nondiabetic populations.
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Fetal smoke exposure may result in developmental adaptations that permanently affect the developing kidney. In this study, the associations of maternal and paternal smoking during pregnancy with childhood kidney size and function were assessed. ⋯ Continued maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with smaller combined kidney volume and lower eGFR in school-aged children. Stronger effect estimates for maternal versus paternal smoking suggest that intrauterine adaptive responses may play a role as underlying mechanisms.