Seminars in neurology
-
Seminars in neurology · Jun 2002
Review Case ReportsNeuromuscular scoliosis: causes of deformity and principles for evaluation and management.
Scoliosis is commonly associated with a variety of neuromuscular disorders including conditions affecting upper and lower motor neurons as well as myopathies. Contained herein is a discussion of the spectrum of neuromuscular disorders that have been associated with scoliosis and related spinal deformities. Management, including surgical treatment in such patients, is summarized including indications, expectations, and impact on trunk balance, pulmonary function, and appearance.
-
Seminars in neurology · Jun 2002
ReviewThe lumbar zygapophyseal (facet) joints: a role in the pathogenesis of spinal pain syndromes and degenerative spondylolisthesis.
The zygapophyseal joints in the lumbar spine are important structural components contributing to the stability of the lumbar motion segments. Pathology of the zygapophyseal joints in the lumbar spine may be a significant cause of low back pain and segmental instability within the lumbar spine. Management of pathology related to the zygapophyseal joints remains a difficult challenge for the physician caring for patients with spinal disorders. Future investigations with tissue engineering, ligamentous reconstructions, and intervertebral disc replacement or regeneration may have useful applications in the treatment of zygapophyseal joint pathology.
-
Seminars in neurology · Jun 2002
ReviewIndications, techniques, and complications of lumbar interbody fusion.
Lumbar interbody arthrodesis is a surgical technique that results in fusion of the anterior column of the spine. The indications for this procedure have evolved over time, and current indications include spinal deformity, segmental instability, and discogenic low back pain. ⋯ Surgical approaches in performing an interbody arthrodesis can be complicated by nerve and vascular injury. Clinical outcome studies are important in better defining the role of lumbar interbody arthrodesis as a substitute for posterior fusion in the lumbar spine.
-
Seminars in neurology · Jun 2002
ReviewCervical myelopathy associated with degenerative spine disease and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.
Cervical spondylotic myelopathy and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament are two of the leading etiologies of spinal cord damage in older patients. For most patients, the natural history is one of slow stepwise decline in function. ⋯ Surgical options include anterior and posterior surgical decompression, spinal canal expansion, and spinal column stabilization. Prospective, randomized trials with standardized outcome measures are needed to clarify the benefit of surgery conclusively.