Seminars in neurology
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Seminars in neurology · Sep 2004
ReviewThe restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder: a review of management.
The restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) are distinguishable but overlapping disorders. Both feature nocturnal involuntary limb movements (periodic limb movements) that can cause sleep disruption, but each has distinct clinical features that are relevant to the diagnosis and management of the patient. The diagnosis of RLS is made by meeting established clinical criteria, not from discovery of periodic limb movements of sleep (PLMS) on a sleep study. ⋯ Anticonvulsants, opioids, and sedative/hypnotics also have a role. A treatment algorithm is provided to assist with the management of RLS. Treatment of PLMD relies on many of the same medications, but is generally more straightforward and places a greater reliance on levodopa compounds and sedative-hypnotics.