Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism
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J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. · Jun 2007
ReviewInhalational anesthetics as neuroprotectants or chemical preconditioning agents in ischemic brain.
This review will focus on inhalational anesthetic neuroprotection during cerebral ischemia and inhalational anesthetic preconditioning before ischemic brain injury. The limitations and challenges of past and current research in this area will be addressed before reviewing experimental and clinical studies evaluating the effects of inhalational anesthetics before and during cerebral ischemia. Mechanisms underlying volatile anesthetic neuroprotection and preconditioning will also be examined. Lastly, future directions for inhalational anesthetics and ischemic brain injury will be briefly discussed.
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J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. · Jun 2007
Stroke induces ependymal cell transformation into radial glia in the subventricular zone of the adult rodent brain.
Adult ependymal cells are postmitotic and highly differentiated. Radial glial cells are neurogenic precursors. Here, we show that stroke acutely stimulated adult ependymal cell proliferation, and dividing ependymal cells of the lateral ventricle had genotype, phenotype, and morphology of radial glial cells in the rat. ⋯ Increases of radial glial cells parallel expansion of neural progenitors in the subventricular zone (SVZ). Furthermore, after stroke radial glial cells derived from the SVZ supported neuron migration. These results indicate that adult ependymal cells divide and transform into radial glial cells after stroke, which could function as neural progenitor cells to generate new neurons and act as scaffolds to support neuroblast migration towards the ischemic boundary region.