Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. · Mar 2014
Dexmedetomidine dose-dependently enhances local anesthetic action of lidocaine.
The combination of α2-adrenoceptor agonists, such as dexmedetomidine (DEX) and clonidine, with local anesthetics has been found to extend the duration of peripheral nerve blocks, probably owing to the resultant local vasoconstriction in the peripheral nerves. However, because the clear elucidation of the effect of DEX requires examination of the local anesthetic effect with DEX alone and the combination of various concentrations of DEX with local anesthetics, we evaluated the local anesthetic effect of various concentrations of DEX alone and with a local anesthetic. ⋯ Our results have demonstrated that DEX dose-dependently enhances the local anesthetic action of lidocaine in a rat TF model.
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J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. · Mar 2014
Case ReportsAcute primary actinomycosis involving the hard palate of a diabetic patient.
Actinomycosis is a relatively rare infection caused by saprophytic bacteria of the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract that can become pathogenic. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes mellitus induces events that promote structural changes in various tissues and are associated with problems in wound healing. ⋯ The main clinical, histopathologic, and therapeutic characteristics and differential diagnosis of actinomycosis are reviewed. To date, 3 cases of actinomycosis involving the hard palate have been reported.