Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology
-
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. · Jul 2021
Comparative study of adverse drug reactions among direct-acting oral anticoagulants and vitamin K antagonists using the EudraVigilance database.
Our aim was to compare adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with direct-acting oral anticoagulants and vitamin K antagonists from the European EudraVigilance (EV) database. The EV database is the system for the analysis of information on suspected ADRs that are authorised, or being evaluated in clinical trials, in the European Economic Area. Registered ADRs (from the groups "Gastrointestinal disorders", "General disorders and administration site conditions", "Injury, poisoning and procedural complications", "Nervous system (NS) disorders" and "Vascular disorders") for apixaban, rivaroxaban, dabigatran and vitamin K antagonists (VKA) were collected by age group (< 65 years; 65-85 years and > 85 years) and by sex. ⋯ Lastly, none of the anticoagulants significantly increased the risk of ADRs within the NS group. Rivaroxaban and dabigatran were associated with a significantly higher risk of gastrointestinal ADR than apixaban or VKA. All anticoagulants increased the risk of vascular pathology while none of them demonstrated significant increased risk of ADR to NS.
-
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. · Jul 2020
ReviewCOVID-19 pandemic and therapy with ibuprofen or renin-angiotensin system blockers: no need for interruptions or changes in ongoing chronic treatments.
Scientists hypothesized that drugs such as ibuprofen or renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers could exacerbate the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 by upregulating the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which serves as an entry receptor for the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. This hypothesis was taken up by the lay press and led to concerns among doctors and patients whether the use of these drugs was still safe and justified against the background of the pandemic spread of SARS-CoV-2 with an increasing number of cases and deaths. In this article, we summarize what is known about the effect of RAS blockers or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the course of COVID-19 disease. ⋯ In view of the inconsistent and limited evidence and after weighing up the benefits and risks, we would not currently recommend discontinuing or switching an effective treatment with RAS blockers. NSAIDs should be used at the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible period. The choice of drug to treat COVID-19-associated fever or pain should be based on a benefit-risk assessment for known side effects (e.g., kidney damage, gastrointestinal ulceration).
-
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. · Jul 2020
LetterVitamin D can prevent COVID-19 infection-induced multiple organ damage.
Vitamin D is an immunomodulator hormone with an anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect with a high safety profile. A lot of COVID-19 infected patients develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which may lead to multiple organ damage. ⋯ The aim of this letter is to note the 5 crucial points that vitamin D could have protective and therapeutic effects against COVID-19. For that reason, COVID-19 infection-induced multiple organ damage might be prevented by vitamin D.
-
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. · Sep 2019
Ligustroflavone reduces necroptosis in rat brain after ischemic stroke through targeting RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL pathway.
Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1/3 (RIPK1/3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL)-mediated necroptosis contributes to brain injury after ischemic stroke. Ligustroflavone is an ingredient of common privet with activities of anti-inflammation and complement inhibition. This study aims to explore the effect of ligustroflavone on ischemic brain injury in stroke rat and the underlying mechanisms. ⋯ Using the Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) program, we identified RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL as potential targets of ligustroflavone. Further studies showed that the interaction between RIPK3 and RIPK1 or MLKL was significantly enhanced, which was blocked in the presence of ligustroflavone. Based on these observations, we conclude that ligustroflavone protects rat brain from ischemic injury, and its beneficial effect is related to the prevention of necroptosis through a mechanism involving targeting RIPK1, RIPK3, and/or MLKL.
-
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. · Mar 2019
Etidronate attenuates tactile allodynia by spinal ATP release inhibition in mice with partial sciatic nerve ligation.
Etidronate is widely used as a therapeutic agent for osteoporosis. We have recently shown that intrathecal administration of etidronate into mice produces an analgesic effect against the capsaicin-induced nociceptive behavior. However, the effect of etidronate on neuropathic pain at the spinal level remains unknown. ⋯ SLC17A9 protein levels were also significantly increased. In mice subjected to PSNL, SLC17A9 was present in neurons and microglia, but not in astrocytes of the lumbar superficial dorsal horn. Collectively, our results suggest that etidronate produces its anti-allodynic effects by inhibiting SLC17A9-dependent exocytotic ATP release from the dorsal horn in mice subjected to PSNL.