Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
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J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. · Aug 1998
Comparative StudyOxygen saturation during esophagogastroduodenoscopy in children: general anesthesia versus intravenous sedation.
Hypoxia may occur in children undergoing upper digestive endoscopy under sedation. The purpose of this study was to compare the occurrence of desaturation during intravenous sedation with that which occurs during general anesthesia. ⋯ These results confirm that hypoxia during upper digestive endoscopy in patients under sedation is a frequent occurrence in children. When compared with sedation, general anesthesia is a safer technique that prevents hypoxia and allows the gastroenterologist to perform the endoscopy under better conditions.
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J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. · Aug 1998
Reference values of body composition obtained by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in preterm and term neonates.
As previously reported, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry provides reliable and accurate values for bone mineralization in piglets and infants, but overestimates fat content in small infants. The purpose of the current study was to determine an appropriate equation of correction for fat mass measurement and to establish reference values of body composition of preterm and term neonates. ⋯ Normative data of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry body composition for healthy preterm and term infants are provided and can therefore be used in research and in clinical practice.
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J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. · Jan 1998
A position paper of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. Pediatric gastroenterology Workforce Survey and future supply and demand.
The North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition (NASPGN) performed a Workforce Survey to determine the current number and distribution of pediatric gastroenterologists in the United States and Canada and to estimate the supply and demand in the future in the United States. ⋯ If the number of fellows who complete training each year remains unchanged, in 10 years there will be more than 950 pediatric gastroenterologists in the United States (3.3 per million population). At the same time, if the demand for pediatric gastroenterologists remains 2.4 per million population, there will be a demand for only 675. If these assumptions are correct, it is necessary to reduce the number of fellows to be trained. Although it is difficult to predict future workforce needs reliably, we recommend that the number of fellowship positions in training programs in the United States be reduced by 50% to 75%. Changes in health care in the coming years will be challenging, and effective planning is necessary for pediatric gastroenterologists to achieve their clinical, research, and educational missions.
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J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. · Jan 1998
Transpyloric enteral feeding in critically ill children.
Nutrition is important in childhood because the child has a lower energy reserve than the adult and a higher demand for calories because of ongoing growth. In this study, the utility of transpyloric enteral feeding (TEF) in critically ill children was evaluated. ⋯ Transpyloric enteral feeding is a good method of nutritional support in critically ill children and can be used in patients treated with neuromuscular blocking agents. The frequency and severity of complications and the risks of pulmonary infection and hepatic dysfunction related to TEF are low.