Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
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To review the state-of-the-art use of sonography in evaluating the patient with trauma. ⋯ The use of sonography in evaluating the patient with trauma has rapidly expanded in the past decade. Those using sonography in this group of patients should be aware of its many uses but also its potential pitfalls and limitations.
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Internal jugular valves are the only venous valves between the heart and the brain. Conditions such as coughing and other precipitating activities may result in retrograde cerebral venous flow because of the absence or presence of internal jugular valve incompetence, allowing brief transmission of high venous pressure and resulting in brain disturbance. Knowledge of these valves and their noninvasive evaluation might be useful in clinical practice. ⋯ Air contrast ultrasonographic venography is a noninvasive method for evaluating internal jugular valves and identifying retrograde venous flow. This information may be useful in clinical and interventional care.
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Craniopharyngiomas are the most common parasellar neoplasms in children. Because it is difficult to diagnose subtle visual or endocrinologic changes in young children at an early stage, craniopharyngiomas may grow to a considerable size before diagnosis. ⋯ Transcranial Doppler sonography is a convenient tool for the diagnosis, evaluation, and follow-up of craniopharyngiomas. It can adequately describe vessels around the tumors and show tumor recurrence at an early stage.