Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
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Internal jugular valves are the only venous valves between the heart and the brain. Conditions such as coughing and other precipitating activities may result in retrograde cerebral venous flow because of the absence or presence of internal jugular valve incompetence, allowing brief transmission of high venous pressure and resulting in brain disturbance. Knowledge of these valves and their noninvasive evaluation might be useful in clinical practice. ⋯ Air contrast ultrasonographic venography is a noninvasive method for evaluating internal jugular valves and identifying retrograde venous flow. This information may be useful in clinical and interventional care.
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Craniopharyngiomas are the most common parasellar neoplasms in children. Because it is difficult to diagnose subtle visual or endocrinologic changes in young children at an early stage, craniopharyngiomas may grow to a considerable size before diagnosis. ⋯ Transcranial Doppler sonography is a convenient tool for the diagnosis, evaluation, and follow-up of craniopharyngiomas. It can adequately describe vessels around the tumors and show tumor recurrence at an early stage.
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To determine whether abdominal sonography after a saline enema can identify the appendix that is not visualized at graded compression sonography in children with suspected appendicitis. ⋯ Abdominal sonography after a saline enema is a helpful technique for depiction of the appendix that is not visible at graded compression sonography in children with suspected appendicitis. Key words: appendix, sonography; appendicitis; children, gastrointestinal tract.
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To describe the sonographic appearance of a poorly recognized cause of low thoracic or upper abdominal pain. ⋯ Slipping rib syndrome should be considered in patients with histories of upper abdominal or low thoracic pain of unknown origin. We suggest that high-resolution sonography of the costal margin should be added to abdominal sonography in cases of nonspecific abdominal pain.