Annales françaises d'anesthèsie et de rèanimation
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Ann Fr Anesth Reanim · Jan 1994
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial[Comparison of the analgesic efficacy of nalbuphine and its combination with propacetamol during the immediate postoperative period in gynecologic-obstetric surgery].
This prospective randomized single-blind study compared the efficacy of a combination of propacetamol (2 g) and a low dose of nalbuphine hydrochloride (10 mg) with nalbuphine hydrochloride (20 mg) alone, in a population of 152 white female patients after gynaecologic or obstetrical surgery, for alleviation of postoperative pain in recovery room. The drugs were administered intravenously in case of pain. The population was divided into two groups: group 1 received 20 mg of nalbuphine hydrochloride and group 2 received 2 g of propacetamol combined with 10 mg of nalbuphine hydrochloride. ⋯ Side effects were minimal and similar in both groups (nausea, drowsiness). It is concluded that a propacetamol-nalbuphine hydrochloride 10 mg association provides better analgesia than single dose of 20 mg of nalbuphine. This association convenient analgesia with a decreased dose of nalbuphine.
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Ann Fr Anesth Reanim · Jan 1994
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial[Preoxygenation before induction for cesarean section].
In pregnant women at term, the oxygen reserve is decreased while the oxygen consumption is increased, carrying the risk of hypoxaemia during periods of apnea. Moreover, intubation of the trachea can be difficult. Therefore preoxygenation is of particular importance. ⋯ The trachea was intubated without previous ventilation and the delay required for the SpO2 to decrease to 93% was measured. This time was 137.9 +/- 79.2 s (extremes 85-320) in group A and 144.5 +/- 57.3 s (extremes 60-285) in group B respectively. These times were not significantly different.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Ann Fr Anesth Reanim · Jan 1994
Meta Analysis[Selective digestive decontamination in patients under reanimation].
Nosocomial infections increase morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. ICU patients are at high risk of sustaining them, due to the high rate of invasive procedures and their poor health state. Conventional methods for decreasing the incidence of infection in ICU patients include handwashing, catheter care, strict antibiotic policy, and reduction of environmental sources of infection. ⋯ This benefit is most obvious in trauma patients, severely burned patients and after orthopic liver transplantation. Several studies reported a significant decrease in the overall rate of infections, especially extrapulmonary infections, including blood, urinary tract, wounds, abdominal, and catheter related infections. Despite a major decrease in infection rates with SDD, most studies did not show lowered mortality rates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Ann Fr Anesth Reanim · Jan 1994
Comparative Study Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial[Risk of secondary neuromuscular blockade after autotransfusion of blood drawn from the patient following curare administration].
A secondary neuromuscular blockade can occur after transfusion of autologous blood withdrawn after injection of muscle relaxants. In this study time course of muscle relaxation after transfusion of blood withdrawn before or after administration of atracurium (A) or vecuronium (V) was assessed. Forty adults undergoing haemorrhagic urologic surgery were included in the study. ⋯ The intensity of blockade was more important after vecuronium than after atracurium (p < 0.01 from T2 to T11 between groups A2 and V2). In group A2, the T4R had not reached the control level at the end of the procedure (0.78 at T11 vs 0.80 at T0). These data emphasize the importance of withdrawing blood units before administration of muscle relaxants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Ann Fr Anesth Reanim · Jan 1994
Multicenter Study Clinical Trial[Anaphylactoid reactions to colloid plasma substitutes: incidence, risk factors, mechanisms. A French multicenter prospective study].
Changes in transfusion behaviour induce a widespread use of colloid plasma substitutes, the range of which has recently been enlarged by the marketing of starch derivatives. The product chosen depends, at least in part, on its adverse effects, anaphylactoid reactions being a part of these. This study aimed to discover the frequency and severity of these reactions according to the type of substitute available in France, to look for possible risk factors, and determine the mechanisms involved. ⋯ To conclude, it was shown that gelatins and dextrans should be avoided in patients with a known history of drug allergy. When a reaction does occur, an allergological assessment must be carried out, as this may be due to specific antibodies. Should this prove to be the case, that particular substitute would be contraindicated for the rest of the patient's life.