Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomédecine & pharmacothérapie
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Biomed. Pharmacother. · Dec 2018
Brahma-related gene 1 ameliorates the neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation through activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.
Accumulating evidence suggests that brahma-related gene 1 (Brg1) is a critical regulator of cell apoptosis and oxidative stress in response to various insults; however, whether Brg1 regulates neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the expression, biological function, and regulatory mechanism of Brg1 in regulating neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R), an in vitro cellular model of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. The results showed that Brg1 expression was altered in response to OGD/R treatment. ⋯ However, knockdown of Nrf2 or HO-1 significantly abrogated Brg1-mediated neuroprotective effects. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Brg1 ameliorates OGD/R-induced neuronal injury in vitro by promoting the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. The study highlights a potential role of Brg1 in regulating cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo.
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Biomed. Pharmacother. · Dec 2018
Sevoflurane induces neurotoxicity in the developing rat hippocampus by upregulating connexin 43 via the JNK/c-Jun/AP-1 pathway.
As one of the most popular anesthetics, sevoflurane is widely used in pediatric anesthesia. Unfortunately, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that sevoflurane has potential neurotoxic effects on the developing brain and cognition, even in adolescence. Connexin 43 (Cx43) has been documented to contribute to cognitive dysfunction. ⋯ Finally, the MWM indicated that sevoflurane could increase the escape latency and, decrease the number of platform crossings from P28 to P33. Overall, our findings suggested that sevoflurane increased Cx43 expression and induced to apoptosis by activating the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway in the hippocampus of P7 rats. This finding may reveal a new strategy for preventing sevoflurane-induced neuronal dysfunction.
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Biomed. Pharmacother. · Dec 2018
ReviewAdipokines in critical illness: A review of the evidence and knowledge gaps.
Adipose tissue products or adipokines play a major role in chronic endocrine and metabolic disorders; however, little is known about critical conditions. In this article, the experimental and clinical evidence of alterations of adipokines, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, visfatin, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and ghrelin in critical illness, their potential metabolic, diagnostic, and prognostic value, and the gaps in the field have been reviewed. The results showed considerable changes in the concentration of the adipokines; while the impact of adipokines on metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and inflammation has not been well documented in critically ill patients. ⋯ However, there is no consensus on these findings. Although primary data indicated the role of adipokines in critical illness, further studies are required to clarify whether the reason of these changes is pathophysiological or compensatory. The relationship of pathophysiological background, disease severity, baseline nutritional status and nutrition support during hospitalization, and variations in body fat percentage and distribution with adipokines, as well as the potential prognostic or therapeutic role of these peptides should be further investigated in critically ill patients.
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Biomed. Pharmacother. · Dec 2018
Randomized Controlled TrialEffect of intravenous magnesium sulfate on bupivacaine spinal anesthesia in preeclamptic patients.
Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is the standard therapy for the treatment of preeclampsia and prevention of eclamptic seizures in labor. This study aimed to determine the effect of the magnesium administered intravenously as a bolus prior to spinal anesthesia on the speed of onset and duration of the spinal anesthesia in preeclamptic women. ⋯ Intravenous MgSO4 can hasten the onset of sensory block, prolong the duration of sensory block, motor block and spinal anesthesia, alleviate postoperative pain, but not hasten the onset of motor block in preeclamptic women undergoing spinal anesthesia without additional side effects. (www.chictr.org.cn, registration number: ChiCTR-IOR-15006856).
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Biomed. Pharmacother. · Dec 2018
Roles of apoptosis and inflammation in a rat model of acute lung injury induced right ventricular dysfunction.
The effect of intratracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) instillation on right ventricular dysfunction in rats was studied with the aim of exploring underlying mechanisms. ⋯ As well as acute lung injury, a single dose of LPS intratracheally instilled can induce pulmonary hypertension at 6 h post-exposure, with obvious right ventricular systolic dysfunction and right ventricular dilation present at 12 h post-exposure, possibly via cardiomyocytes apoptosis and inflammation.