Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomédecine & pharmacothérapie
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Biomed. Pharmacother. · Jan 2020
ReviewAntitumor effects of immunity-enhancing traditional Chinese medicine.
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been traditionally used to treat patients with cancers in China. It not only alleviates the symptoms of tumor patients and improves their quality of life, but also controls the size of tumors and prolongs the survival of tumor patients. While some herbs of TCM may exert therapeutic effects by directly targeting cancer cells or reducing side effects caused by antitumor drugs, others can control tumor growth and metastasis via enhancing antitumor immunity. ⋯ This review will summarize research progress of antitumor TCM that regulates the immune system, including both innate immunity, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells and MDSCs, and adaptive immunity, including CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes, regulatory T cells (Tregs) and B cells. As cancer immunotherapy has recently achieved certain success, it is expected that the clinical applications of immunity-enhancing TCM or traditional medicine for treating various cancer patients will be expanded. Further studies on the mechanisms by which TCM regulates immunity will provide new insights into how TCM controls tumor growth and metastasis, and may help improve its therapeutic effects on various cancers in clinic.
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Biomed. Pharmacother. · Jan 2020
Sedation with midazolam worsens the diaphragm function than dexmedetomidine and propofol during mechanical ventilation in rats.
Mechanical ventilation (MV) is identified as an independent contributor to diaphragmatic atrophy and contractile dysfunction. Appropriate sedation is also essential during MV, and anesthetics may have direct adverse effects on the diaphragm. However, there is a lack of research into the effects of different anesthetics on diaphragm function during MV. ⋯ Twelve hours of mechanical ventilation during midazolam sedation led to a more severe diaphragm dysfunction than dexmedetomidine and propofol, possibly caused by its relative weaker antioxidant capacity.
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Biomed. Pharmacother. · Jan 2020
Lung-derived exosomes in phosgene-induced acute lung injury regulate the functions of mesenchymal stem cells partially via miR-28-5p.
Accidental phosgene exposure can result in acute lung injury (ALI). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been found to alleviate phosgene-induced ALI. However, the mechanism of MSCs underlying such protective effect remains largely unexplored. ⋯ Besides, we explored molecular mechanism of miR-28-5p in MSCs. PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was found significantly augmented by miR-28-5p mimic, indicating the activation in this process. Taken together, our findings could help identify the effects of lung-derived exosomes on MSCs, and the effective molecule in exosomes, miR-28-5p, activated MSCs through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Biomed. Pharmacother. · Dec 2019
HIF-1α/BNIP3 signaling pathway-induced-autophagy plays protective role during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
The study was established to inquire into the protective effect of the HIF-1α (Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α)/ BNIP3(Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein) signal path-induced-autophagy during myocardial ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R) and oxygen-glucose deprivation/recovery (OGD/R) injury in heart-derived H9C2 cells as well as its potential underlying mechanism. ⋯ Together, our studies indicated that HIF-1α synchronization regulate BNIP3 during OGD/R injury-induced autophagy in H9C2 cells, though BNIP3-induced autophagy acting as a survival mechanism.
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Biomed. Pharmacother. · Nov 2019
ReviewDNA repair and genomic stability in lungs affected by acute injury.
Acute pulmonary injury, or acute respiratory distress syndrome, has a high incidence in elderly individuals and high mortality in its most severe degree, becoming a challenge to public health due to pathophysiological complications and increased economic burden. Acute pulmonary injury can develop from sepsis, septic shock, and pancreatitis causing reduction of alveolar airspace due to hyperinflammatory response. ⋯ Once the DNA is damaged, enzymatic DNA repair mechanisms act on lesions in order to maintain genomic stability and, consequently, contribute to cell viability and homeostasis. Although palliative treatment based on mechanical ventilation and antibiotic using have a kind of efficacy, therapies based on modulation of DNA repair and genomic stability could be effective for improving repair and recovery of lung tissue in patients with acute pulmonary injury.