Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP
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Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. · Jul 2015
Controlled Clinical TrialChanges in levels of biomarkers of exposure and biological effect in a controlled study of smokers switched from conventional cigarettes to reduced-toxicant-prototype cigarettes.
Development of cigarettes that reduce exposure to harmful smoke constituents is a suggested tobacco harm reduction strategy, but robust methods for measurement of change are required. We investigated whether changes in biomarkers of exposure (BoE), effective dose (BoED) and biological effect (BoBE) could be detected after switching from conventional cigarettes to a reduced-toxicant-prototype cigarette (RTP). ⋯ Despite increased cigarette consumption, reductions in BoE and BoED were detectable.
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Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. · Jul 2015
Hepatotoxicity induced by acute and chronic paracetamol overdose in adults. Where do we stand?
Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) poisoning data can reveal the potential deficiencies of paracetamol poisoning management guidelines. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients >18years who were attended in the emergency department (ED) of a Spanish tertiary hospital, from 2005 to 2010 for suspected paracetamol overdose and who had measurable paracetamol concentrations. 208 patients suspected of paracetamol poisoning were identified. The annual incidence in the ED increased from 2.0 (95%-CI: 0.2-7.2) cases per 10,000 patients in 2005 to 3.4 (95%-CI: 1.1-8.8) in 2010. ⋯ We conclude that the incidence of suspected cases of paracetamol poisoning at our hospital is increasing. The majority of toxicity cases, including ALF, associated with the ingestion of paracetamol were due to chronic poisoning. This finding constitutes an important warning regarding paracetamol chronic poisoning, and clinicians should have a higher index of clinical suspicion for this entity.