Emergency medicine clinics of North America
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In 2005, the American Heart Association updated the guidelines for newborn and pediatric resuscitation. These changes are now being taught in the current Basic Life Support and Pediatric Advanced Life Support classes. This article reviews the pertinent new changes in caring for the critically ill child.
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Metabolic diseases can vary as much in clinical presentation as they can in classification, and neonates and infants frequently present with symptoms similar to those seen with other emergencies. Vomiting, alterations in neurologic status, and feeding difficulties are the most prominent features of metabolic emergencies. This article discusses the recognition and management of specific disorders, including diabetic ketoacidosis, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, inborn errors of metabolism, and thyrotoxicosis. Also highlighted are specific laboratory entities, including hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, and metabolic acidosis.
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Pediatric respiratory infections are a common presenting complaint to the emergency department. This article discusses the presentation and management of infectious conditions, including bacterial tracheitis, bronchiolitis, croup, epiglottitis, pertussis, pneumonia, and retropharyngeal abscess.
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Cardiac emergencies in the first year of life can be anxiety provoking for the health care provider. An understanding of the pathophysiology involved in the most common emergency department presentations is crucial to the development of appropriate treatment plans. This article discusses the most common causes of cyanotic and acyanotic heart disease in infants.
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Emerg. Med. Clin. North Am. · Nov 2007
ReviewThe evolving approach to the young child who has fever and no obvious source.
Fever is a common complaint of young children who seek care in the emergency department. Recent advances, such as universal vaccination with the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, require the review of traditional approaches to these patients. This article discusses newer strategies in the evaluation and management of the young child with fever, incorporating changes based on the shifting epidemiology of bacterial infection.