Emergency medicine clinics of North America
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Chemical or radiant energy injuries to the eyes are considered ocular burns. The majority of these injuries are occupation-related. ⋯ The term "biologic exposure" refers to an exposure to human blood or other body fluid. This article describes patterns of these injuries and exposures, with particular emphasis on emergent management and including acute diagnostic and treatment considerations.
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Trauma to the eye represents approximately 3% of all emergency department visits in the United States. Rapid assessment and examination following trauma to the eye is crucial. ⋯ This article describes the aspects of the eye examination that merit special attention in the case of trauma. It then discusses the eye injuries most likely to be seen in the emergency department and their appropriate treatment.
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Neuro-ophthalmologic disorders arise from all areas of the neuro-ophthalmologic tract. They may be expressed simply as loss of vision or double vision, or as complex syndromes or systemic illnesses, depending on the location and type of lesion. Problems may occur anywhere along the visual pathway, including the brainstem, cavernous sinus, subarachnoid space, and orbital apex, and may affect adjacent structures also. A firm understanding of the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of the eye is essential to correct diagnosis.
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This article is a review of the anatomy of the eye and its surrounding tissues. A working knowledge of the functional anatomy of the eye will aid the emergency physician in performing a thorough yet efficient physical examination of the eye. A goal-directed physical examination of the eye will allow the emergency physician to attempt to identify (or exclude) visionthreatening disease processes and facilitate communication with the ophthalmologist.