Hepatology : official journal of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases
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Racial/ethnic minority children have worse liver transplant outcomes. We evaluated whether neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation affected associations between race/ethnicity and waitlist mortality. ⋯ Household and neighborhood socioeconomic factors and disease severity at waitlist entry help explain racial/ethnic disparities for children awaiting transplant. A nuanced understanding of how social adversity contributes to waitlist outcomes may inform strategies to improve outcomes.
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The aim of this document is to provide a concise scientific review of the currently available COVID-19 vaccines and those in development, including mRNA, adenoviral vectors, and recombinant protein approaches. The anticipated use of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) and liver transplant (LT) recipients is reviewed and practical guidance is provided for health care providers involved in the care of patients with liver disease and LT about vaccine prioritization and administration. The Pfizer and Moderna mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are associated with a 94%-95% vaccine efficacy compared to placebo against COVID-19. ⋯ Because patients with advanced liver disease and immunosuppressed patients were excluded from the vaccine licensing trials, additional data regarding the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines are eagerly awaited in these and other subgroups. Remarkably safe and highly effective mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are now available for widespread use and should be given to all adult patients with CLD and LT recipients. The online companion document located at https://www.aasld.org/about-aasld/covid-19-resources will be updated as additional data become available regarding the safety and efficacy of other COVID-19 vaccines in development.