Clinical nutrition : official journal of the European Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Plasma phospholipid saturated fatty acids and heart failure risk in the Physicians' Health Study.
Previous studies have suggested that some plasma phospholipid saturated fatty acids (SFA) are associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease and hypertension, major risk factors for heart failure (HF). However, little is known about the association between SFA and HF. This study examines associations of individual plasma phospholipid SFA with HF risk in US male physicians. ⋯ Our data suggested no association between plasma phospholipid SFAs and HF in US male physicians.
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Comparative Study
Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids attenuate hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats by modulating toll-like receptor recruitment into lipid rafts.
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury may activate innate immunity through the interaction of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) with endogenous ligands. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) exert suppressive effects on innate immunity through various mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with ω-3 PUFAs on hepatic I/R in rats. ⋯ Dietary ω-3 PUFAs supplementation attenuated hepatic I/R injury and could be considered as a nutritional therapeutic aimed at ameliorating I/R injury.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Quality of life in patients with short bowel syndrome treated with the new glucagon-like peptide-2 analogue teduglutide--analyses from a randomised, placebo-controlled study.
Short bowel syndrome (SBS)-intestinal failure (IF) patients have impaired quality of life (QoL) and suffer from the burden of malabsorption and parenteral support (PS). A phase III study demonstrated that treatment with teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 2 analogue, reduces PS volumes by 32% while maintaining oral fluid intake constant; placebo-treated patients had reduced PS by 21%, but oral fluid intake increased accordingly. As effects of teduglutide on QoL are unknown, they were investigated here. ⋯ Overall, PS volume reductions were associated with improvements in SBS-QoL™ scores. The short observation period, imbalances in oral fluid intake in relation to PS reductions, large patient and effect heterogeneity and occurrence of GI-AE in a subgroup of teduglutide-treated patients may account for the inability to show statistically significant effects of teduglutide on SBS-QoL™ scores compared to placebo.
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The efficacy of homocysteine-lowering therapy with folic acid to lower homocysteine levels in an effort to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in patients with kidney disease remains inconclusive. We conducted a meta-analysis of relevant randomized trials to further examine this issue. ⋯ Our meta-analysis indicates that folic acid supplementation may be effective for CVD prevention in patients with kidney disease, particularly in trials among patients without a history of grain fortification with folic acid, with lower percent baseline diabetes, and in patients with ESRD or ACKD.
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Multicenter Study
Erythrocyte selenium concentration as a marker of selenium status.
Plasma selenium concentration and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity are commonly used as markers of selenium nutritional status. However, plasma selenium concentrations fall independently of selenium status during the acute phase response and GPx is analytically problematic. The assay for erythrocyte selenium is robust and concentrations are unaffected by the systemic inflammatory response. This study was performed to investigate the validity of erythrocyte selenium measurement in assessing selenium status. ⋯ The median CRP value of all subjects from Malawi was 4.2 mg/L indicating no inflammation. The median CRP value for the critically ill patients was 126 mg/L indicating this group was inflamed. In the non-inflamed population there was a strong positive correlation (r = 0.95) between erythrocyte and plasma selenium and a strong positive correlation (r = 0.77) between erythrocyte selenium and erythrocyte GPx up to 6.10 nmol/g Hb after which maximal activity was reached. In the inflamed population, plasma selenium was low, erythrocyte selenium was normal and there was a weak correlation (r = 0.30) between selenium concentrations in plasma and erythrocytes. This demonstrates that plasma selenium is affected by the inflammatory response while erythrocyte selenium concentration is unaffected and can be used to reliably assess selenium status across a wide range of selenium intakes.