Clinical nutrition : official journal of the European Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
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The Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Sarcopenia Project validated cutpoints for appendicular lean mass (ALM) to identify individuals at risk for functional impairment. Recognizing possible underlying mechanisms between adipose tissue and muscle, we sought to apply the recent definitions and determine the relationship with markers of glucose homeostasis and inflammation in individuals with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity. ⋯ Biologically plausible associations exist between ALM:BMI and inflammation and HOMA-IR that were not observed when using ALM alone. Future study should validate each of these definitions to prevent disparate results from being determined.
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The reported prevalence of sarcopenia ranges widely depending on its definition criterion. European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) developed a practical clinical definition and consensus diagnostic criteria. This definition recommends using normative data of the study population rather than other reference populations. ⋯ The cut-off thresholds for muscle mass, grip strength and calf circumference were somewhat higher but comparable with other reference populations. Further worldwide studies from different nations and countries are needed to obtain better reference values.
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Mitochondrial diseases (MD) are the most frequent inborn errors of metabolism. In affected tissues, MD can alter cellular oxygen consumption rate leading to potential decreases in whole-body resting energy expenditure (REE), but data on pediatric children are absent. We determined, using indirect calorimetry (IC), whole-body oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), respiratory quotient (RQ) and REE in pediatric patients with MD and healthy controls. Another goal was to assess the accuracy of available predictive equations for REE estimation in this patient population. ⋯ VO2, VCO2, RQ and REE are not significantly altered in pediatric patients with MD compared with healthy controls. The energy demands of pediatric patients with MD should be determined based on IC data in order to provide the best possible personalized nutritional management for these children.
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Postprandial state is characterized by metabolic changes which may elevate circulating inflammatory biomarkers, used to assess cardiometabolic risk. It is unclear if biological benefits of certain food components could be obtained by a short-term change in a single meal of Brazilian's habitual diet. We investigated the postprandial effects of 2 fat tolerance tests (FTT) with different isocaloric meals (a typical Brazilian and a modified meal) differing by type of fatty acids and fiber contents, prior to and after breakfast interventions. ⋯ Isocaloric meals with distinct nutrient composition elicit different postprandial inflammatory responses after a relatively short intervention in a single meal. Each saturated fat-enriched meal consumed, as well as each unsaturated fat and fiber-enriched meal may induce pro- or anti-inflammatory responses that could impact on the cardiometabolic risk profile.