The American journal of emergency medicine
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The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a mannequin for training emergency caregivers in the technique of retrograde intubation. This was a descriptive study using duration of time needed for completion of intubation as a measure of success. A cohort of 88 Emergency Medical Service (EMS) personnel included prehospital caregivers, registered nurses, and respiratory care practitioners. ⋯ It was concluded that retrograde intubation can be taught easily with a mannequin and that this skill can be learned by emergency caregivers by modeling. Bag-valve-mask ventilation can be performed at any time without the need to restart or interrupt the procedure. Retrograde intubation can be introduced as an intubation technique for the difficult airway encountered by EMS personnel.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Cost analysis of stapling versus suturing for skin closure.
A randomized, prospective study was performed to test the null hypothesis that there is no difference between the cost of stapling and suturing for skin closure of selected linear lacerations. Appropriate wounds were randomly assigned to be closed by staples or sutures. ⋯ The average total cost per case was $17.69 (with suture kit) and $7.84 (without suture kit) for the staple Group compared with $21.58 for the suture Group (P = .0001 for each). It is concluded that stapling is less costly than suturing and that the advantage appears to increase as laceration length increases.
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Letter Case Reports
Bowel obstruction and radiopaque vitamin B12 "pseudobezoar".
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Iontophoresis is a painless technique for topical anesthesia that uses an electric field to drive charged ions across an epithelial surface. The safety of this technique for laceration repair has never been demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of iontophoretic fields on rapidly proliferating cells involved in laceration wound healing. ⋯ A total of 48 wounds were assessed for wound healing, 24 of which received lidocaine via iontophoresis and 24 lidocaine via injection. The power of the study to determine a 40% difference between the two groups was 0.8. There was significantly more granuloma and granulation tissue formation in the iontophoresis group than in the injected lidocaine control group (P = .0004, Fisher's exact test).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)