Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society
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Several studies proved the beneficial effect of cement augmentation of proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) blades on implant purchase in osteoporotic bone. We investigated the effect of different localizations and amounts of bone cement. Polyurethane foam specimens were instrumented with a PFNA blade and subsequently augmented with PMMA bone cement. ⋯ Biomechanically favorable cement positions were found at the implant tip and at the cranial side. However, none of the tested augmentation patterns performed significantly inferior to the cadaveric benchmark. These findings will allow surgeons to further reduce the amount of injected PMMA, decreasing the risk of cement leakage or cartilage damage.
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The intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus (NP) has two phenotypically distinct cell types-notochordal cells (NCs) and non-notochordal chondrocyte-like cells. In human discs, NCs are lost during adolescence, which is also when discs begin to show degenerative signs. However, little evidence exists regarding the link between NC disappearance and the pathogenesis of disc degeneration. ⋯ Quantitative PCR demonstrated isolated mRNA up-regulation of ADAMTS-5 in the 1-day loaded group and MMP-3 in the 7-day loaded group. Aggrecan-1 and collagen type 2α-1 mRNA levels were down-regulated in both groups. This rat tail temporary static compression model, which exhibits decreased NC phenotype, increased apoptotic cell death, and imbalanced catabolic and anabolic gene expression, reproduces different stages of intervertebral disc degeneration.