The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery
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Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg · Oct 2002
Importance of proinflammatory cytokines in synovial fluid from 121 joints with temporomandibular disorders.
The concentrations of cytokines were measured by an ELISA in the synovial fluid from 117 patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and correlated with degenerative changes of the condyle and clinical symptoms. Fifty-seven patients had degenerative changes of the condyle. The fluid from seven healthy volunteers was used as controls. ⋯ However, there was no correlation between the concentrations of any cytokines and symptoms. In conclusion, the cytokines in the synovial fluid may participate in the pathogenesis of TMD. In particular, IL-6 is important and may be associated with the development of osteoarthritis.
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Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg · Oct 2002
Distraction osteogenesis of basal mandibular bone for reconstruction of the alveolar ridge.
Alveolar distraction is being used increasingly for alveolar bone reconstruction in patients with severe mandibular defects. When there has been total loss of alveolar bone, distraction of the mandibular basal bone is necessary. ⋯ We describe three cases in which more than 10 mm of distraction of mandibular basal bone was required. Semirigid distraction devices were used to reconstruct the alveolar structures in each case.