International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology
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Int J Psychophysiol · Aug 1991
Heartbeat perception, instructions, and biofeedback in the control of heart rate.
The present study was designed to examine the possibility that individual differences in heartbeat perception and instructions to control heart rate (HR) may influence the acquisition of voluntary control. Good (n = 20) and poor (n = 20) perceivers of cardiac activity were selected on the basis of their performance according to Whitehead et al. (1977) heartbeat discrimination procedure. Measures of state and trait anxiety (the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form X-1 and Form X-2) and Tellegen's Absorption Scale (TAS) were used to assess emotionality and absorptive ability. ⋯ However, more pronounced HR increases were obtained in the feedback as compared with the no-feedback condition. SC and EMG activity were in accordance with arousal levels demanded by HR decrease and increase tasks. Subjects used cognitive strategies concerning activation responses during HR-increase and relaxation responses during HR-decrease conditions.