Pharmaceutical research
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Pharmaceutical research · Feb 1999
Modeling of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationships: concepts and perspectives.
Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD)-modeling links dose-concentration relationships (PK) and concentration-effect relationships (PD), thereby facilitating the description and prediction of the time course of drug effects resulting from a certain dosing regimen. PK/PD-modeling approaches can basically be distinguished by four major attributes. The first characterizes the link between measured drug concentration and the response system, direct link versus indirect link. ⋯ And the fourth considers the time dependency of pharmacodynamic model parameters, distinguishing between time-variant versus time-invariant. Application of PK/PD-modeling concepts has been identified as potentially beneficial in all phases of preclinical and clinical drug development. Although today predominantly limited to research, broader application of PK/PD-concepts in clinical therapy will provide a more rational basis for patient-specific dosage individualization and may thus guide applied pharmacotherapy to a higher level of performance.
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Pharmaceutical research · Jul 1998
Liposphere local anesthetic timed-release for perineural site application.
This investigation determines the drug delivery capacity of Lipospheres, which are drug-containing solid-filled vesicles made of triglyceride with a phospholipid outer covering, to release local anesthetic in vitro and to produce sustained peripheral nerve block in vivo. ⋯ Liposphere delivery of local anesthetic drugs may be well suited for site-specific pharmacotherapy of neural tissue to produce SLAB. Dose-dependent effects in duration of action may include lipophilic tissue storage.
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Pharmaceutical research · Mar 1998
Comparative StudyControlled release gel of ibuprofen and lidocaine in epidural use--analgesia and systemic absorption in pigs.
Reduction of the frequency of injections and localization of the absorption of drug molecules to the injection site would be of great advantage in epidural pain treatment. The epidural use of a controlled release gel of lidocaine and ibuprofen was studied. ⋯ These results demonstrate poloxamer gel to be a promising controlled-release, injectable epidural formulation for the management of pain.
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Pharmaceutical research · Mar 1998
Comparative StudyInfluence of different fat emulsion-based intravenous formulations on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propofol.
The influence of different intravenous formulations on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propofol was investigated using the effect on the EEG (11.5-30 Hz) as pharmacodynamic endpoint. ⋯ The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propofol are not affected by to a large extent the type of emulsion nor by the concentration of propofol in the intravenous formulation.
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Pharmaceutical research · Dec 1997
Biography Historical ArticleWilliam M. Pardridge, Recipient of the AAPS Meritorious Manuscript Award.