Pharmaceutical research
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Pharmaceutical research · Jan 1996
Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of the antibiotic effect of piperacillin in vitro.
It was the aim of the present study to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial effects of the beta-lactam antibiotic piperacillin on Escherichia coli using concentration-time profiles similar to those encountered in vivo. ⋯ Based on the in vitro data a more frequent administration of piperacillin will be more efficacious. The proposed PK-PD-model allows a more detailed evaluation of dosing regimens than the use of minimum inhibitory concentrations.
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Pharmaceutical research · Dec 1995
Study on brain interstitial fluid distribution and blood-brain barrier transport of baclofen in rats by microdialysis.
This study was performed to examine the distribution in the brain interstitial fluid (ISF) and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport of baclofen in rats by a microdialysis technique. ⋯ The restricted distribution of baclofen in the brain ISF may be ascribed to the efficient efflux from the brain through the BBB which is regulated possibly by a probenecid-sensitive organic anion transport system.
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Pharmaceutical research · Dec 1994
The use of multiple doses and pharmacodynamic system analysis to distinguish between dispositional delays and time-variant pharmacodynamics.
Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling algorithms, in general, rely on hysteresis minimization techniques that assume time-invariant pharmacodynamics (constant biophase concentration-effect relationships). When time-variant pharmacodynamics are observed, a specific model for tolerance or sensitization is required. ⋯ As an approach to this problem, simulated and real kinetic-dynamic data were analyzed with the pharmacodynamic system analysis program ATTRACT. The use of a multiple dosing regimen and this hysteresis minimization algorithm resulted in a simple diagnostic test to distinguish between dispositional effects of acute tolerance and sensitization.