Vaccine
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The Korea Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (KACIP), established by law in the early 1990s, makes recommendations on a range of issues related to the National Immunization Program. The Committee consists of 15 members and always includes the two government officials who belong to the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Korea Food and Drug Administration. Other members usually come from affiliated organizations and serve for 2-year terms. The KACIP depends on special-topics sub-committees or temporary advisory committees to gather and analyze data and to make recommendations which are normally reached by consensus and implemented by public sector health providers and private providers.
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Multiple health priorities, limited human resources and logistical capacities, as well as expensive vaccines with limited funds available increase the need for evidence-based decision making in immunization programs. The aim of the Supporting Independent Immunization and Vaccine Advisory Committees (SIVAC) Initiative is to support countries in the establishment or strengthening of National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs) that provide recommendations on immunization policies and programs (e.g., vaccination schedules, improvements of routine immunization coverage, new vaccine introduction, etc.). ⋯ SIVAC supports countries by reinforcing the capacities of the NITAG scientific and technical secretariat and by providing specific support activities established in consultation with the country and other international partners. Additionally, SIVAC and partners have built an electronic platform, the NITAG Resource Center, that provides information, tools, and briefings to NITAGs and the immunization community.
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The National Committee for Vaccines Regulation and Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases serves as the National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) in the Sultanate of Oman. It is the only advisory body to assist the Government in establishing policies and strategies and in evaluating new vaccines with respect to technology, quality and safety. ⋯ The cost of vaccines and the overall immunization program are considered when the committee makes its recommendations. Evidence-based decision-making could be facilitated by introducing more economic expertise to the committee.
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The National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) in South Africa, known as the National Advisory Group on Immunization (NAGI), was established in 1993 to advise the National Department of Health (DoH) on issues related to vaccination. Meetings are held as needed but at least twice a year. ⋯ Agendas are set by DoH and the Chairman of NAGI. NAGI brings together experts from a range of different fields relevant to vaccines and vaccinations and has been an important resource for guiding the Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) in South Africa.
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The majority of industrialized and some developing countries have formally established national technical advisory bodies to guide immunization policies; other countries are working towards or contemplating the establishment of such bodies. These advisory bodies are often referred to as National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs). A NITAG is a technical resource supplying guidance to national policy makers and programme managers to enable them to make evidence-based immunization related policy and program decisions. The focus of this paper is to: (1) review the value and functions of a NITAG; (2) provide directions and identify issues for countries to consider when establishing or improving the functioning of a NITAG; and (3) outline potential WHO and partners' roles and activities in support of the establishment and strengthening of NITAGs.