Vaccine
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Observational Study
Effects of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate 1 vaccine on the severity of adult 2 bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia.
The introduction of a 7-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine (PCV7) in children largely affected the prevalence of adult pneumococcal pneumonia. In this study we investigated whether the clinical severity of adult bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia has also altered following the introduction of pediatric PCV7 vaccination. ⋯ The introduction of pediatric PCV7 vaccination was accompanied by subtle changes in clinical severity of adult bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. Expansion of serotypes covered by pneumococcal vaccination may again influence the clinical presentation of disease.
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Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections represent a major public health burden in both developing and developed countries. In Australia and New Zealand GAS associated diseases are serious problems in Indigenous populations and a major cause of health inequality. ⋯ M-protein based vaccines constructed from the hyper-variable N-terminal region (30-valent vaccine) or the conserved C-repeat domain (J8 vaccine) were reviewed together with vaccine candidates identified using multi high-throughput approaches. Performing a comprehensive assessment of regional GAS strain epidemiology, defining the immune correlates of protection, and the establishment of clinical trial sites were identified as critical activities for a Trans-Tasman vaccine development programme.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Effects of varying antigens and adjuvant systems on the immunogenicity and safety of investigational tetravalent human oncogenic papillomavirus vaccines: results from two randomized trials.
A prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine targeting oncogenic HPV types in addition to HPV-16 and -18 may broaden protection against cervical cancer. Two Phase I/II, randomized, controlled studies were conducted to compare the immunogenicity and safety of investigational tetravalent HPV L1 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines, containing VLPs from two additional oncogenic genotypes, with the licensed HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine (control) in healthy 18-25 year-old women. ⋯ HPV-16 and -18 antibody responses were lower when additional HPV L1 VLPs were added to the HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine. Immune interference is a complex phenomenon that cannot always be overcome by changing the antigen dose or adjuvant system.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Immune response to hepatitis B vaccine with high antigen content in non-responders after standard primary vaccination in Chinese adults.
Alternative schedules are needed to provide greater immunogenicity in adults who fail to respond to the standard hepatitis B (HB) vaccine regimen. ⋯ Booster vaccination with a three-dose schedule of a high antigen content HB vaccine formulation was immunogenic and well tolerated in healthy adults. Clinicaltrialsgov Identifier: NCT01203319.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Booster immune response in children 6-7 years of age, randomly assigned to four groups with two MMR vaccines applied by aerosol or by injection.
Aerosol immunization may be a useful tool to reach and sustain the elimination of measles, rubella, and congenital rubella syndrome. We compared booster seroresponses to aerosolized or injected MMR vaccines containing different strains of measles (Attenuvax or Edmonston-Zagreb) and mumps (Jeryl-Lynn or Leningrad-Zagreb). ⋯ CMN 2010-005 (National Regulatory Authority).