Vaccine
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Human immune responses to latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection (LTBI) may enable individuals to control Mtb infection and halt progression to tuberculosis (TB), a hypothesis applied in several novel TB vaccines. We aimed to evaluate whether immune responses to selected LTBI antigens were associated with subsequent reduced risk of progression to TB. ⋯ In this large population-based study, human immune responses to selected LTBI antigens were not found to be strongly associated with reduced risk of subsequent TB.
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To document knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Georgian obstetrician-gynecologists concerning influenza infection and vaccination during pregnancy. ⋯ Georgian physicians are hesitant to vaccinate pregnant women, but are receptive to education about maternal vaccination. Future educational outreach to Georgian physicians could reduce concerns about maternal vaccination, potentially increasing influenza vaccination among pregnant Georgian women.
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Uncertainty exists about the sustainability of the reduction in rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) following the introduction of rotavirus vaccines into national immunization programs, and on its potential impact on circulating genotypes. RotaTeq was introduced into the Israeli national immunization program in December 2010, and vaccination coverage is around 80%. ⋯ Universal immunization with RotaTeq in Israel was associated a sustained reduction in RVGE hospitalization. It is unclear whether changes in the circulating rotavirus genotypes are due to vaccine-induced selective pressure. Assessment of the long-term impact of rotavirus vaccination on the incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis and continued strain surveillance is warranted.
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Multicenter Study
Maternal pertussis and influenza immunization coverage and attitude of health care workers towards these recommendations in Flanders, Belgium.
In Belgium, pertussis vaccination is recommended for all pregnant women in every pregnancy. Adults in close contact with young infants are equally advised to receive a pertussis containing booster dose. Maternal influenza vaccination is likewise recommended in Belgium in the second or third trimester of pregnancy, within the influenza season. ⋯ Within the group of the midwives, only 23.7% recommends both maternal pertussis and influenza vaccination and 10.5% recommends both maternal vaccination strategies and the cocoon strategy. High coverage is reached among pregnant women for pertussis and influenza vaccination. Several underserved populations of pregnant women regarding maternal immunization, are identified.
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Ebola viral disease (EVD) epidemic need to be contained through means which include vaccination of susceptible population. Vaccination has eradicated major killer diseases. ⋯ Male gender, medical doctor and vaccine safety determine willingness to participate in Ebola vaccine trials while vaccine safety determines willingness to receive vaccine when ready. Researchers should ensure gender equality and vaccine safety in vaccine trials.