Vaccine
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Serotypes/genotypes causing invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in adults are determined by vaccination strategies. The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiology of IPD in adults (≥18 years) after PCV13 introduction for children: serotypes, clonal complexes, antibiotic non-susceptibility and clinical presentations. We performed a prospective, clinical surveillance of hospitalized culture-confirmed IPDs in adults in nine Spanish hospitals (August 2010-June 2015). ⋯ Overall non-susceptibility was 25.9% to penicillin (1.1% for parenteral criteria), 24.9% to erythromycin and 2.7% to levofloxacin. Although the percentage of vaccine-types causing IPDs in adults significantly decreased, it remained high. Associations of vaccine types with pneumonia (with complicated pneumonia for specific serotypes), and immunocompetent patients point to the burden of IPD caused by PCV13 serotypes.
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Historical Article
Vaccine-preventable disease control in the People's Republic of China: 1949-2016.
China's immunization program is one of the oldest and largest in the world. Rates of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD) are comparable to those in high-income countries. The program's evolution has been characterized by ambitious target setting and innovative strategies that have not been widely described. ⋯ Long-term political commitment to immunizations as a basic right, ambitious targets, use of disease incidence as the primary metric to assess program performance, and nationwide scale-up of successful locally developed strategies that optimized use of available limited resources have been critical to China's success in controlling vaccine-preventable diseases.
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Among all post-marketing medication error reports submitted to EudraVigilance, vaccines are the most frequently reported medicinal products. This study aims to describe the characteristics of vaccination errors submitted to Eudravigilance between 2001 and 2016. ⋯ Vaccination errors are increasingly submitted to EudraVigilance. Errors related to the schedule are the most common errors reported with vaccines. However, consequences of vaccination errors appear to be relatively mild.
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Despite progress made in child survival in the past 20 years, 5.9 million children under five years died in 2015, with 9% of these deaths due to diarrhea. Rotavirus is responsible for more than a third of diarrhea deaths. In 2013, rotavirus was estimated to cause 215,000 deaths among children under five years, including 89,000 in Asia. As of April 2017, 92 countries worldwide have introduced rotavirus vaccination in their national immunization program. Afghanistan has applied for Gavi support to introduce rotavirus vaccination nationally. This study estimates the potential impact and cost-effectiveness of a national rotavirus immunization program in Afghanistan. ⋯ The introduction of rotavirus vaccination would be highly cost-effective in Afghanistan, and even more so with a Gavi subsidy.