Vaccine
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Multicenter Study
MenACWY-CRM conjugate vaccine booster dose given 4-6 years after priming: Results from a phase IIIb, multicenter, open label study in adolescents and adults.
Vaccination strategies against bacterial meningitis vary across countries. In the United States, a single dose of quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenACWY) is recommended at 11-12 years of age, with a booster dose approximately 5 years later. We assessed immune responses to a booster dose of MenACWY-CRM vaccine after priming with MenACWY-CRM or MenACWY-D vaccines in adolescents and adults. ⋯ A booster dose of the MenACWY-CRM vaccine induced a robust and rapid anamnestic response in adolescents and adults, irrespectively of either MenACWY-CRM or MenACWY-D vaccine administered 4-6 years earlier, with an acceptable clinical safety profile. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT02986854.
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Vaccine refusal is shaped by the social ecology in which it occurs. How people who refuse vaccines are communicated to and treated may affect the nature and strength of their negative vaccine beliefs, and their responsiveness to health promotion messages. Yet little is known about how people who refuse vaccines are perceived by the public. Our research examined perceptions among pro-vaccine Australians of the vaccine-refusal movement. ⋯ This research provides a focused, qualitative account of public perceptions of the vaccine-refusal movement. The findings are concerning: stigma towards vaccine-refusing people may adversely affect their wellbeing and entrench their negative vaccine beliefs. The research suggests that more compassionate, nuanced discussion of vaccine refusal in the public sphere is needed. It also supports the need to systematically examine public attitudes towards vaccine refusal as a determinant of vaccine confidence.
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In Australia, influenza hospitalises more children than any other vaccine preventable disease does. Children aged six months or older are recommended to receive annual influenza vaccines, and pregnant women are recommended vaccination to protect infants aged up to six months. However, vaccine uptake is low. This study explored influenza vaccination knowledge and behaviours of parents of children who were hospitalised for influenza, in order to inform strategies that target barriers to uptake. ⋯ Improving parents' and providers' knowledge and confidence in influenza vaccination safety, efficacy, and benefits should be prioritised. This, together with making influenza vaccination more convenient for parents, would likely raise vaccine coverage.
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Human Papillomavirus (HPV) causes significant burden of HPV-related diseases, which are more prevalent in immunosuppressed compared to immunocompetent people. We conducted a multi-centre clinical trial to determine the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of HPV vaccine in immunocompromised children. Here we present the immunogenicity results 5 years post vaccination. ⋯ NCT02263703 (ClinicalTrials.gov).