Orthopaedic nursing
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To identify factors associated with the occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting and to identify the effectiveness of independent and interdependent nursing interventions for the prevention and management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. ⋯ Further research is needed to better describe the present practice patterns in the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting, including a comparison of inpatient and outpatient settings. The relative effectiveness of specific nursing interventions should be measured, such as i.v. fluids, deep breathing, and antiemetic use. In addition, the evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of a research protocol would be useful.