European journal of anaesthesiology
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Deep halothane anaesthesia compared with halothane-suxamethonium anaesthesia for tracheal intubation in young children.
A double-blind and randomized study design was used to investigate 100 healthy children, aged 1-5 years. Intubating conditions and cardiovascular changes during deep halothane anaesthesia, defined as an end-tidal concentration of 2%, were compared with those changes during 1% halothane and suxamethonium relaxation. Intubating conditions were graded according to the ease of laryngoscopy, vocal cord position, coughing and jaw relaxation. ⋯ When anaesthesia with 2% or 1% halothane was compared there was a more pronounced decrease in systolic blood pressure (18 vs. 8%, P < 0.001). Junctional rhythm occurred more frequently during deep halothane anaesthesia (46 vs. 18%, P < 0.01). Intravenously (i.v.) administered atropine attenuated blood pressure depression significantly and reinstituted sinus rhythm in most cases.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
The addition of clonidine to prilocaine for intravenous regional anaesthesia.
The effect of the addition of clonidine 2 micrograms kg-1 to prilocaine 0.5% for intravenous regional anaesthesia (IVRA) in the arm was investigated in 56 healthy patients using a randomized, double-blind study. The characteristics of the sensory and motor block, quality of analgesia, development of post-operative pain sensations and haemodynamic variables were studied in three groups (IVRA with prilocaine, IVRA with prilocaine and clonidine, IVRA with prilocaine and systemic application of clonidine at tourniquet release). ⋯ In those patients receiving clonidine, mean arterial pressure decreased significantly (24-28%, respectively) after tourniquet release, while heart rate remained unchanged. Clonidine as an adjunct to prilocaine seems to be of limited benefit during and after intravenous regional anaesthesia.