European journal of anaesthesiology
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While Horner's syndrome is a rare and occasionally reported complication of epidural 'top-ups' administered for labour and Caesarean delivery, the case reported here followed a low-dose epidural infusion of bupivacaine. Low-dose epidural infusions have generally been regarded as a safer alternative to bolus doses in labour. It is also the case that close supervision is deemed unnecessary in some centres where the mother is receiving such an epidural infusion. This case is reported in order to highlight the potential dangers of a low-dose regime which in spite of the lack of early warning signs may be associated with a high block.
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We describe a case of transient neurological deficit that occurred after unilateral spinal anaesthesia with 8 mg of 1% hyperbaric bupivacaine slowly injected through a 25-gauge pencil-point spinal needle. The surgery and anaesthesia were uneventful, but 3 days after surgery, the patient reported an area of hypoaesthesia over L3-L4 dermatomes of the leg which had been operated on (loss of pinprick sensation) without reduction in muscular strength. ⋯ Prospective multicentre studies with a large population and a long follow-up should be performed in order to evaluate the incidence of this unusual side effect. However, we suggest that a low solution concentration should be preferred for unilateral spinal anaesthesia with a hyperbaric anaesthetic solution (if pencil-point needle and slow injection rate are employed), in order to minimize the risk of a localized high peak anaesthetic concentration, which might lead to a transient neurological deficit.
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The molecular effects of droperidol (C22H22FN3O2) on single sodium channels from the human brain were investigated using the electrophysiological planar lipid-bilayer technique. Droperidol (0.05-0.8mM) induced a concentration dependent and voltage independent reduction in the time averaged single channel conductance by two mechanisms: a reduction in the fractional channel open time (major effect, approximately 90%) and a decrease in the channel amplitude (minor effect). ⋯ These blocking effects of droperidol on CNS sodium channels occurred at a concentration range comparable with other specific anaesthetic compounds but far beyond clinical serum levels (up to 0.002 mM). Therefore in contrast with animal preparations (frog peripheral nerve, sodium channel) the human brain sodium channel is not a major target site for droperidol during clinical anaesthesia.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
The effect of different anaesthetic agents in hearing loss following spinal anaesthesia.
The cause of hearing loss after spinal anaesthesia is unknown. Up until now, the only factor studied has been the effect of the diameter of the spinal needle on post-operative sensorineural hearing loss. The aim of this study was to describe this hearing loss and to investigate other factors influencing the degree of hearing loss. ⋯ The average hearing loss for speech frequencies was about 10 dB after prilocaine and 15 dB after bupivacaine. None of the patients complained of subjective hearing loss. Long-term follow-up of the patients was not possible.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Influence of acute normovolaemic haemodilution on the relation between the dose and response of rocuronium bromide.
The influence of acute moderate haemodilution on the relation between dose and response for rocuronium was evaluated in 60 adult patients, ASA grade I, undergoing elective plastic surgery. The patients were randomly allocated to either the control or the haemodilution group. Following the induction of general anaesthesia, the status of acute moderate haemodilution in the haemodilution group was achieved by draining venous blood, and intravenous infusion of lactated Ringer's solution, 6% dextran or gelofusine, during which the levels of haemoatocrit and haemoglobin dropped from 44% to 27.5% and from 148.3 to 91.3 g L-1, respectively. ⋯ The results showed that the dose-response curve for rocuronium during acute moderate haemodilution was shifted in a parallel fashion to the left and the potency of rocuronium was increased. There were significant differences in ED50, ED90 and ED95 between the two groups. The ED50, ED90 and ED95 of rocuronium in the haemodilution group was decreased by 28.2%, 35.4% and 38.8%, respectively, compared with the control group.