European journal of anaesthesiology
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An understanding of the half-life (T1/2) of infused fluids can help prevent iatrogenic problems such as volume overload and postoperative interstitial oedema. Simulations show that a prolongation of the T1/2 for crystalloid fluid increases the plasma volume and promotes accumulation of fluid in the interstitial fluid space. The T1/2 for crystalloids is usually 20 to 40 min in conscious humans but might extend to 80 min or longer in the presence of preoperative stress, dehydration, blood loss of <1 l or pregnancy. ⋯ The commonly used colloid fluids have an intravascular persistence T1/2 of 2 to 3 h, which is shortened by inflammation. The fact that the elimination T1/2 of the infused macromolecules is 2 to 6 times longer shows that they also reside outside the bloodstream. With a colloid, fluid volume is eliminated in line with its intravascular persistence, but there is insufficient data to know if this is the same in the clinical setting.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Electrical stimulation of the heart 7 acupuncture site for preventing emergence agitation in children: A randomised controlled trial.
Emergence agitation is common in children recovering from general anaesthesia. The prevention of emergence agitation remains an important challenge in the field of paediatric anaesthesia. ⋯ Bilateral electrical stimulation of HT7 using two PNS devices significantly decreases the incidence of emergence agitation.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Short-axis/out-of-plane or long-axis/in-plane ultrasound-guided arterial cannulation in children: A randomised controlled trial.
Even with ultrasound guidance, arterial cannulation in children can be challenging. ⋯ Despite the longer imaging time with the LAX approach, there was no significant difference in the total time to successful cannulation between the two techniques. The posterior wall puncture rate was lower in the LAX group than in the SAX group.