European journal of anaesthesiology
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The relative effects of dexmedetomidine and propofol on cerebral blood flow velocity and regional brain oxygenation: A randomised noninferiority trial.
Dexmedetomidine constricts cerebral blood vessels without a concomitant reduction in cerebral metabolic oxygen consumption. Its safety as a sedative in patients with neurological diseases thus remains uncertain. ⋯ Regional brain oxygenation and CBF velocity are comparably preserved during dexmedetomidine and propofol sedation. Thus, the use of dexmedetomidine in patients with movement disorders appears reasonable.
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Observational Study
Echocardiography and passive leg raising in the postoperative period: A prospective observational study.
Signs of hypovolaemia are frequent in the postoperative period, but not all patients need or respond to fluid administration. An increase in cardiac output (CO) after passive leg raising (PLR) has been demonstrated to be useful as a volume response predictor in non-surgical, spontaneously breathing patients. ⋯ This is the first study showing that measurement of CO after PLR can predict volume response in spontaneously breathing postoperative patients.
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Multicenter Study Observational Study
Cardiac cycle efficiency and dicrotic pressure variations: new parameters for fluid therapy: A pilot observational study.
During a fluid challenge, the changes in cardiac performance and peripheral circulatory tone are closely related to the position of the ventricle on the Frank-Starling curve. Some patients have a good haemodynamic response to a fluid challenge, others hardly any response. The early haemodynamic effects of a fluid challenge could predict the final response before the entire fluid volume has been administered. ⋯ In this pilot study conducted in a population of surgical patients mechanically ventilated with a VT less than 8 ml kg, a dynamic model of fluid challenge assessment, including PPV, ΔCCE and ΔSAP - Pdic, enhances the prediction of fluid challenge response after 5 min of a 10-min administration.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of dexamethasone on early cognitive decline after cardiac surgery: A randomised controlled trial.
Postoperative cognitive decline (POCD), a very common complication after cardiac surgery, is characterised by impairment of both memory function and intellectual ability as well as being associated with increased use of healthcare resources. The investigators focused on the role of the inflammatory response to a surgical procedure as a potential factor involved in the pathogenesis of POCD. ⋯ Preoperative administration of dexamethasone reduced the inflammatory response and thereby decreased the risk of early POCD after cardiac surgery.
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Comparative Study
Sevoflurane attenuates systemic inflammation compared with propofol, but does not modulate neuro-inflammation: A laboratory rat study.
Septic encephalopathy is believed to be a result of neuro-inflammation possibly triggered by endotoxins, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Modulation of the immune system is a property of volatile anaesthetics. ⋯ We have shown that systemic attenuation of inflammation by the volatile anaesthetic sevoflurane did not translate into attenuated neuro-inflammation in this LPS-induced inflammation model.