European journal of anaesthesiology
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Oral ketamine premedication in children (placebo controlled double-blind study).
Ketamine 3-6 mg kg-1 given by mouth to paediatric patients for anaesthetic premedication was evaluated. Forty-three children, ages 2-9 years were randomly allocated to receive either ketamine (3 or 6 mg kg-1) or placebo (cola 0.2 mL kg-1). ⋯ These improvements were present with ketamine 3 mg kg-1 and 6 mg kg-1 in comparison with the placebo. We conclude that 3 mg kg-1 ketamine given by mouth to premedicate paediatric patients is as effective as 6 mg kg-1 but has a decreased incidence of side effects such as nystagmus and vomiting.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
A comparison of ibuprofen arginine with morphine sulphate for pain relief after orthopaedic surgery.
In a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, single-dose, parallel-group study, oral ibuprofen arginine (400 mg) was compared with intramuscular (i.m.) morphine sulphate (5 or 10 mg) for post-operative pain relief after orthopaedic surgery in 120 patients. The study medication was administered post-operatively at the time when each patient first requested pain relief for moderate to severe pain. Assessment of pain intensity and pain relief was made using standard visual analogue scales and verbal rating scores. ⋯ Comparing the groups over the whole study period using the sum of pain intensity differences showed no significant differences in pain experience between the groups. Assessment of total pain relief also showed no significant differences. The incidence and types of side effect seen were similar in the three groups.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparison of ondansetron and metoclopramide for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting after major gynaecological surgery.
The efficacy of ondansetron 4 mg was compared with metoclopramide 10 mg for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting in patients after major gynaecological abdominal surgery. Anaesthesia was standardized using thiopentone, atracurium and methadone for induction followed by isoflurane in nitrous oxide-oxygen mixture. Fifty patients were randomized in a double-blind fashion to either receive intravenous (i.v.) ondansetron 4 mg or metoclopramide 10 mg during closure of the pelvic peritoneum. ⋯ The highest incidence of nausea was in the first 4 h after surgery, being 56 and 37.5% in the ondansetron and the metoclopramide groups respectively. This decreased to less than 25% in both groups in the 12-24 h period. Ondansetron 4 mg and metoclopramide 10 mg had similar but short lasting efficacy for the prevention of vomiting in patients who received continued opioid analgesia after major gynaecological surgery.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
The onset of pipecuronium following application of the priming principle.
Pipecuronium bromide, a long acting non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent was administered to four groups of 10 patients using the priming technique. The effects of the combination of two different priming doses (0.01 or 0.015 mg kg-1) given at two different time intervals (3 or 4 min) before the 'main' intubating dose (0.07 or 0.065 mg kg-1) were investigated. ⋯ Intubating conditions at 90 s after administration of the intubating dose were found to be significantly improved in all primed groups but the onset times, evaluated using the response of the adductor pollicis muscle to a single twitch stimulation, were similar to that observed after the single bolus injection. The optimal priming combination is considered to be 0.01 mg kg-1 of pipecuronium followed 3 to 4 min later by 0.07 mg kg-1.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Post-operative pain relief in children following extraction of carious deciduous teeth under general anaesthesia: a comparison of nalbuphine and diclofenac.
In a randomized double-blind study 60 children, undergoing the extraction of carious deciduous teeth under day-case general anaesthesia, were assigned to receive either intravenous nalbuphine hydrochloride 0.3 mg kg-1 (n = 21), one or more diclofenac suppositories 12.5 mg to a dose of 1-2 mg kg-1 (n = 19), or no analgesia (n = 20). The duration of anaesthesia was longer in the diclofenac group (9.6 min, SD 3.5) compared with control (7.2 min, SD 2.6) and nalbuphine (6.9 min, SD 3.0) groups respectively (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in post-operative pain scores during the 45 min post-operative period studied between the three groups using an objective pain score. We conclude that using this methodology we were unable to demonstrate any statistically significant differences between the analgesic effects of either intravenous (i.v.) nalbuphine or diclofenac suppositories compared with control.