Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association
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J Am Podiatr Med Assoc · Nov 2011
Comparative StudyAnatomical variations of peroneal muscles: a cadaver study in an Indian population and a review of the literature.
Persistent lateral ankle pain is a common presentation in clinics. Various studies on anatomical variations of the peroneal compartment muscles, including the peroneus quartus muscle, have been reported in different populations. However, such studies are rarely from India. Hence, the present study was undertaken on cadavers in an Indian population. ⋯ Racial differences, cultural variations, and postural habits, along with different stages of evolution, may be factors contributing to different observations. Split lesions of the peroneus brevis tendon were six to seven times more prevalent than was presence of the peroneus quartus muscle, which implies that split or tear lesions of the peroneus brevis tendon are more frequently involved in the manifestation of persistent retromalleolar pain compared with complications arising out of presence of the peroneus quartus muscle. Hence, accurate knowledge of presence of the peroneus quartus muscle in different populations is important because it can also be used in grafting and reconstruction in foot and ankle surgery.
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J Am Podiatr Med Assoc · Nov 2011
Comparative StudySurgical treatment of diaphyseal stress fractures of the fifth metatarsal in competitive athletes: long-term follow-up and computerized pedobarographic analysis.
Proximal diaphyseal stress fractures of the fifth metatarsal are common in athletes. Conservative treatment has been shown to result in high rates of delayed union, nonunion, and refracture, so internal fixation has become the treatment of choice in competitive athletes. ⋯ Intramedullary malleolar screws can yield reliable and effective healing of fifth metatarsal stress fractures in athletes. Varus of the metatarsus and the midfoot were predisposing factors for stress fractures in this population of competitive athletes, and all were recommended to wear orthoses until their competitive careers were completed.