Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation after surfactant treatment for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants <30 weeks' gestation: a randomized, controlled trial.
To compare the effect of early extubation to nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) on the need for mechanical ventilation via endotracheal tube (MVET) at 7 days of age in preterm infants <30 weeks' gestation requiring intubation and surfactant for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) within 60 min of delivery. ⋯ NIPPV compared with NCPAP reduced the need for MVET in the first week, duration of MVET, and clinical as well as physiological BPD in preterm infants receiving early surfactant for RDS.
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Comparative Study
What happens when the patent ductus arteriosus is treated less aggressively in very low birth weight infants?
It remains unclear whether indomethacin (INDO) and/or surgical ligation (LIGATE) are necessary to improve outcomes in premature infants with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). We have adopted a conservative approach to PDA management that emphasizes waiting for spontaneous closure unless certain cardiorespiratory distress criteria are met. ⋯ Tolerance of the PDA with watchful waiting for spontaneous closure, modest fluid reduction, and less INDO use is a reasonable treatment strategy that is not associated with significant changes in NICU mortality or individual morbidities. We did note an increase in the combined outcome of CLD or mortality after Day 7, thus our investigation supports the urgency of a randomized controlled trial comparing traditional PDA management with a true control group similar to our Era 2 management to answer important questions of short and long-term outcomes.
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To explore if regional cerebral tissue oxygen saturation monitoring by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is feasible during neonatal resuscitation of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants after birth. ⋯ Cerebral tissue oxygen saturation monitoring is feasible during neonatal resuscitation of VLBW infants within the first minutes of life.
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Editorial Comment
How can we minimize barotraumas in our most premature infants?
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Probiotics-supplemented feeding in extremely low-birth-weight infants.
The objective of this trial was to test whether probiotic-supplemented feeding to extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) infants will improve growth as determined by decreasing the percentage of infants with weight below the 10th percentile at 34 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). Other important outcome measures, such as improving feeding tolerance determined by tolerating larger volume of feeding per day and reducing antimicrobial treatment days during the first 28 days from the initiation of feeding supplementation were also evaluated. ⋯ Although probiotic-supplemented feedings improve growth velocity in ELBW infants, there was no improvement in the percentage of infants with growth delay at 34 weeks PMA. There were no probiotic-related adverse events reported.