Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
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J Clin Exp Neuropsychol · Jan 2014
"Good-old-days" bias: a prospective follow-up study to examine the preinjury supernormal status in patients with mild traumatic brain injury.
Postconcussion symptoms (PCS) are common following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). A psychological misperception, the "good-old-days" bias, has been indicated as one of the influencing factors on symptom reporting after injury. To date, this response bias has only been examined in a small number of cross-sectional studies. This study thus prospectively evaluated the "good-old-days" bias in patients with mTBI. ⋯ This study thus might be the first one to prospectively reveal the progression of the "good-old-days" bias in patients with mTBI.
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J Clin Exp Neuropsychol · Jan 2014
Immediate effects of deep brain stimulation of anterior thalamic nuclei on executive functions and emotion-attention interaction in humans.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of anterior thalamic nuclei (ANT) is a novel promising therapeutic method for treating refractory epilepsy. Despite reports of subjective memory impairments and mood disturbances in patients with ANT-DBS, little is known of its effects on cognitive and affective processes. ⋯ We found immediate objective effects of ANT-DBS on human cognitive control and emotion-attention interaction. We suggest that ANT-DBS compromised response inhibition and enhanced attention allocation to threat due to altered functioning of neural networks that involve the DBS-target, ANT, and the regions connected to it such as ACC. The results highlight the need to consider affective and cognitive side-effects in addition to the therapeutic effect when adjusting stimulation parameters. Furthermore, this study introduces a novel window into cognitive and affective processes by modulating the associative and limbic networks with direct stimulation of key nodes in the thalamus.
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J Clin Exp Neuropsychol · Jan 2014
Development of a novel task for investigating decision making in a social context following traumatic brain injury.
Examination of social cognition as a target for assessment and intervention is beginning to gain momentum in a number of illnesses and acquired disorders. One facet of social cognition is decision making within interpersonal situations. This skill forms an important part of our everyday lives and is commonly impaired in those with neurological and mental health conditions. A novel task was developed to allow the assessment of decision making specifically within a social context and was examined within a group known to experience this difficulty. ⋯ The SDMT offers a novel way of examining decision making within a social context following TBI and may also be useful in other populations known to have specific social cognition impairment. Future research should aim to provide further clarification of the mechanisms of action and neuroanatomical correlates of poor performance on this task.
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J Clin Exp Neuropsychol · Jan 2014
Premorbid predictors of postconcussion symptoms in collegiate athletes.
In recent years, the sports community has been faced with the challenge of determining when it is safe to return concussed athletes to play. Given that return-to-play decisions are partially dependent upon athletes' endorsement of symptoms, better understanding what factors contribute to the presence of symptoms following concussion is crucial. The purpose of the present study was to better characterize the symptoms that athletes endorse at baseline and to determine what impact various premorbid (or preinjury) characteristics have on the presence and severity of postconcussion symptoms in the acute injury period following concussion. ⋯ These findings show that certain baseline characteristics of athletes confer risk for greater symptomatology postconcussion. Knowledge of these risk factors can assist the management and treatment of sports-related concussion.